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Vol. 50, Issue 3, 413-492, September 1998
School of Biomedical Sciences (V.R.), Queen's Medical Centre,
University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England;
Autonomic Neuroscience
Institute (G.B.), Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London,
England
I. Introduction
A. Overview
B. Historical Perspective
II. Adenosine/P1 Receptors
A. Introduction
B. Structure
C. Agonists
D. Antagonists
III. A1 Receptor
A. Cloned A1 Receptors
B. Signal Transduction Mechanisms
C. Desensitization
D. Sensitization/Up-Regulation
E. Agonists
F. Antagonists
G. Distribution and Biological Effects
IV. A2A Receptor
A. Cloned A2A Receptors
B. Signal Transduction Mechanisms
C. Desensitization
D. Sensitization/Up-Regulation
E. Agonists
F. Antagonists
G. Distribution and Biological Effects
V. A2B Receptor
A. Cloned A2B Receptors
B. Signal Transduction Mechanisms
C. Desensitization
D. Agonists and Antagonists
E. Distribution and Biological Effects
VI. A3 Receptor
A. Cloned A3 Receptors
B. Signal Transduction Mechanisms
C. Desensitization
D. Up-Regulation
E. Agonists
F. Antagonists
G. Distribution and Biological Effects
VII. Integrated Effects of Adenosine/P1 Receptors
VIII. P2 Receptors
A. Introduction
B. Agonists
C. Antagonists
1. Suramin.
2. NF023.
3. NF279.
4. Pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P).
5. PPADS.
6. Iso-PPADS.
7. Reactive blue 2.
8. Reactive red.
9. Trypan blue.
10. Evans blue.
11. DIDS.
12. Arylazidoaminopropionyl ATP (ANAPP3).
13. 2-Alkylthio derivatives of ATP.
14. 5'-p-Fluorosulfonyl benzoyladenosine.
IX. P2X Receptors
A. Structure
B. Cloned P2X Receptors
1. P2X1 receptor.
2. P2X2 receptor.
3. P2X3 receptor.
4. P2X4 receptor.
5. P2X5 receptor.
6. P2X6 receptor.
7. P2X7 receptor.
C. Signal Transduction Mechanisms
D. Desensitization
E. Agonists and Antagonists
F. Distribution and Biological Effects
1. CNS.
2. Sensory nerves.
3. PNS.
4. Smooth muscle.
5. Blood cells.
X. P2X7 and Endogenous P2X7-Like (or
P2Z) Receptors
A. Structure
B. Cloned P2X7 Receptors
C. Signal Transduction Mechanisms
D. Desensitization
E. Agonists
F. Antagonists
G. Distribution and Biological Effects
XI. P2Y Receptors
A. Structure
XII. P2Y1 and Endogenous P2Y1-Like
Receptors
A. Cloned P2Y1 Receptors
B. Signal Transduction Mechanisms
C. Desensitization
D. Agonists
E. Antagonists
F. Heterogeneity of P2Y1 and Endogenous
P2Y1-Like Receptors
G. Distribution and Biological Effects
XIII. P2Y2 and Endogenous P2Y2-Like
Receptors
A. Cloned P2Y2 Receptors
B. Signal Transduction Mechanisms
C. Desensitization
D. Up-Regulation
E. Agonists and Antagonists
F. Heterogeneity of P2Y2 and Endogenous
P2Y2-Like Receptors
G. Distribution and Biological Effects
XIV. p2y3 Receptor
XV. P2Y4 Receptor
XVI. P2Y6 Receptor
XVII. P2Y11 Receptor
XVIII. Endogenous Uridine Nucleotide-Specific Receptors
A. Signal Transduction Mechanisms
B. Agonists and Antagonists
C. Distribution and Biological Effects
XVIV. P2YADP (or P2T)
Receptor
A. Signal Transduction Mechanisms
B. Desensitization
C. Agonists
D. Antagonists
E. Distribution and Biological Effects
XX. Other P2Y Receptors
A. p2y5 Receptor
B. p2y7/Leukotriene B4 Receptor
C. Xenopus P2Y Receptor (P2Y8)
D. P2Y9 and P2Y10 Receptors
E. P2YAp4A (or
P2D) Receptor
F. P3 Receptor
G. P4/Diadenosine Polyphosphate-Specific Receptor
XXI. Integrated Effects of P2 Receptors
XXII. Integrated Effects of Adenosine/P1 and P2 Receptors
XXIII. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
REFERENCES
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C. Coddou, C. Acuna-Castillo, P. Bull, and J. P. Huidobro-Toro Dissecting the Facilitator and Inhibitor Allosteric Metal Sites of the P2X4 Receptor Channel: CRITICAL ROLES OF CYS132 FOR ZINC POTENTIATION AND ASP138 FOR COPPER INHIBITION J. Biol. Chem., December 21, 2007; 282(51): 36879 - 36886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Buvinic, M. Bravo-Zehnder, J. L. Boyer, J. P. Huidobro-Toro, and A. Gonzalez Nucleotide P2Y1 receptor regulates EGF receptor mitogenic signaling and expression in epithelial cells J. Cell Sci., December 15, 2007; 120(24): 4289 - 4301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. Macedo, G. Pinhal-Enfield, V. Alshits, G. Elson, B. N. Cronstein, and S. J. Leibovich Wound Healing Is Impaired in MyD88-Deficient Mice: A Role for MyD88 in the Regulation of Wound Healing by Adenosine A2A Receptors Am. J. Pathol., December 1, 2007; 171(6): 1774 - 1788. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. V. Gourine, N. Dale, E. Llaudet, D. M. Poputnikov, K. M. Spyer, and V. N. Gourine Release of ATP in the central nervous system during systemic inflammation: real-time measurement in the hypothalamus of conscious rabbits J. Physiol., November 15, 2007; 585(1): 305 - 316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 N. P. Foresi, A. M. Laxalt, C. V. Tonon, C. A. Casalongue, and L. Lamattina Extracellular ATP Induces Nitric Oxide Production in Tomato Cell Suspensions Plant Physiology, November 1, 2007; 145(3): 589 - 592. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J.-B. Shen, R. Shutt, A. Pappano, and B. T. Liang Characterization and mechanism of P2X receptor-mediated increase in cardiac myocyte contractility Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): H3056 - H3062. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Hayato, Y. Ohtubo, and K. Yoshii Functional expression of ionotropic purinergic receptors on mouse taste bud cells J. Physiol., October 15, 2007; 584(2): 473 - 488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 Z. G. Huang, K. J. S. Griffioen, X. Wang, O. Dergacheva, H. Kamendi, C. Gorini, and D. Mendelowitz Nicotinic Receptor Activation Occludes Purinergic Control of Central Cardiorespiratory Network Responses to Hypoxia/Hypercapnia J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2007; 98(4): 2429 - 2438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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O. Jakobsen, S. Muller, E. Aarsaether, T. Steensrud, and D. G. Sorlie Adenosine instead of supranormal potassium in cardioplegic solution improves cardioprotection Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., September 1, 2007; 32(3): 493 - 500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 I. R. Orriss, J. C. Utting, A. Brandao-Burch, K. Colston, B. R. Grubb, G. Burnstock, and T. R. Arnett Extracellular Nucleotides Block Bone Mineralization in Vitro: Evidence for Dual Inhibitory Mechanisms Involving Both P2Y2 Receptors and Pyrophosphate Endocrinology, September 1, 2007; 148(9): 4208 - 4216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Matute, I. Torre, F. Perez-Cerda, A. Perez-Samartin, E. Alberdi, E. Etxebarria, A. M. Arranz, R. Ravid, A. Rodriguez-Antiguedad, M. Sanchez-Gomez, et al. P2X7 Receptor Blockade Prevents ATP Excitotoxicity in Oligodendrocytes and Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis J. Neurosci., August 29, 2007; 27(35): 9525 - 9533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Antonioli, M. Fornai, R. Colucci, N. Ghisu, F. Da Settimo, G. Natale, O. Kastsiuchenka, E. Duranti, A. Virdis, C. Vassalle, et al. Inhibition of Adenosine Deaminase Attenuates Inflammation in Experimental Colitis J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 2007; 322(2): 435 - 442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z. H. Nemeth, D. Bleich, B. Csoka, P. Pacher, J. G. Mabley, L. Himer, E. S. Vizi, E. A. Deitch, C. Szabo, B. N. Cronstein, et al. Adenosine receptor activation ameliorates type 1 diabetes FASEB J, August 1, 2007; 21(10): 2379 - 2388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 V. Jankowski, A.-A. Meyer, P. Schlattmann, Y. Gui, X.-l. Zheng, I. Stamcou, K. Radtke, T. N. Anh Tran, M. van der Giet, M. Tolle, et al. Increased Uridine Adenosine Tetraphosphate Concentrations in Plasma of Juvenile Hypertensives Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., August 1, 2007; 27(8): 1776 - 1781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Tamiya, M. C. Okafor, and N. A. Delamere Purinergic agonists stimulate lens Na-K-ATPase-mediated transport via a Src tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, August 1, 2007; 293(2): C790 - C796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Hughes, M. Saito, P. H. Schlesinger, and D. M. Ornitz Otopetrin 1 activation by purinergic nucleotides regulates intracellular calcium PNAS, July 17, 2007; 104(29): 12023 - 12028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Bracci, M. Vukcevic, G. Spagnoli, S. Ducreux, F. Zorzato, and S. Treves Ca2+ signaling through ryanodine receptor 1 enhances maturation and activation of human dendritic cells J. Cell Sci., July 1, 2007; 120(13): 2232 - 2240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. E. J. Jensen, E. Odgaard, M. H. Christensen, H. A. Praetorius, and J. Leipziger Flow-Induced [Ca2+]i Increase Depends on Nucleotide Release and Subsequent Purinergic Signaling in the Intact Nephron J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2007; 18(7): 2062 - 2070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E. Coppi, A. M. Pugliese, S. Urbani, A. Melani, E. Cerbai, B. Mazzanti, A. Bosi, R. Saccardi, and F. Pedata ATP Modulates Cell Proliferation and Elicits Two Different Electrophysiological Responses in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stem Cells, July 1, 2007; 25(7): 1840 - 1849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 Z. Guan, D. A. Osmond, and E. W. Inscho Purinoceptors in the Kidney Experimental Biology and Medicine, June 1, 2007; 232(6): 715 - 726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z. Gao, J. D. Li, L. I. Sinoway, and J. Li Effect of muscle interstitial pH on P2X and TRPV1 receptor-mediated pressor response J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2007; 102(6): 2288 - 2293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Baroni, C. Pizzirani, M. Pinotti, D. Ferrari, E. Adinolfi, S. Calzavarini, P. Caruso, F. Bernardi, and F. Di Virgilio Stimulation of P2 (P2X7) receptors in human dendritic cells induces the release of tissue factor-bearing microparticles FASEB J, June 1, 2007; 21(8): 1926 - 1933. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. M. Gwynne and J. C. Bornstein Local inhibitory reflexes excited by mucosal application of nutrient amino acids in guinea pig jejunum Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): G1660 - G1670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Zhang, D. Sanchez, J. Gorelik, D. Klenerman, M. Lab, C. Edwards, and Y. Korchev Basolateral P2X4-like receptors regulate the extracellular ATP-stimulated epithelial Na+ channel activity in renal epithelia Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): F1734 - F1740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. K. Jackson, Z. Mi, L. C. Zacharia, S. P. Tofovic, and R. K. Dubey The Pancreatohepatorenal cAMP-Adenosine Mechanism J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., May 1, 2007; 321(2): 799 - 809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. R. Sneyd, J. A. Langton, L. G. Allan, J. E. Peacock, and D. J. Rowbotham Multicentre evaluation of the adenosine agonist GR79236X in patients with dental pain after third molar extraction Br. J. Anaesth., May 1, 2007; 98(5): 672 - 676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Sundqvist Developmental changes of purinergic control of intestinal motor activity during metamorphosis in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): R1916 - R1925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Rivera, S. Zhang, B. S. Fuller, B. Edwards, T. Seki, M.-H. Wang, M. B. Marrero, and E. W. Inscho P2 receptor regulation of [Ca2+]i in cultured mouse mesangial cells Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): F1380 - F1389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Burnstock Physiology and Pathophysiology of Purinergic Neurotransmission Physiol Rev, April 1, 2007; 87(2): 659 - 797. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Q. Gu, Y.-S. Lin, and L.-Y. Lee Epinephrine enhances the sensitivity of rat vagal chemosensitive neurons: role of beta3-adrenoceptor J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2007; 102(4): 1545 - 1555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. A. Kruglov, P. R. A. V. Correa, G. Arora, J. Yu, M. H. Nathanson, and J. A. Dranoff Molecular basis for calcium signaling in hepatic stellate cells Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, April 1, 2007; 292(4): G975 - G982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. Carrega, E. Fenouillet, P. Giaime, A. Charavil, L. Mercier, V. Gerolami, J.-L. Berge-Lefranc, Y. Berland, J. Ruf, A. Saadjian, et al. Influence of haemodialysis and left ventricular failure on peripheral A2A adenosine receptor expression Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., March 1, 2007; 22(3): 851 - 856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Panupinthu, L. Zhao, F. Possmayer, H. Z. Ke, S. M. Sims, and S. J. Dixon P2X7 Nucleotide Receptors Mediate Blebbing in Osteoblasts through a Pathway Involving Lysophosphatidic Acid J. Biol. Chem., February 2, 2007; 282(5): 3403 - 3412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Q. Li, K. Ye, C. C. Blad, H. den Dulk, J. Brouwer, A. P. IJzerman, and M. W. Beukers ZM241385, DPCPX, MRS1706 Are Inverse Agonists with Different Relative Intrinsic Efficacies on Constitutively Active Mutants of the Human Adenosine A2B Receptor J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., February 1, 2007; 320(2): 637 - 645. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. J. Rayment, V. Ralevic, D. A. Barrett, R. Cordell, and S. P. H. Alexander A novel mechanism of vasoregulation: ADP-induced relaxation of the porcine isolated coronary artery is mediated via adenosine release FASEB J, February 1, 2007; 21(2): 577 - 585. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. W. Gorman, E. O. Feigl, and C. W. Buffington Human Plasma ATP Concentration Clin. Chem., February 1, 2007; 53(2): 318 - 325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Hohenstein, S. Renk, K. Lang, C. Daniel, M. Freund, C. Leon, K. U. Amann, C. Gachet, and C. P.M. Hugo P2Y1 Gene Deficiency Protects from Renal Disease Progression and Capillary Rarefaction during Passive Crescentic Glomerulonephritis J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., February 1, 2007; 18(2): 494 - 505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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