Mechanisms of Therapeutic Activity for Gallium

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Mechanisms of Therapeutic Activity for Gallium

Lawrence R. Bernstein^a

GeoMed, Inc., Menlo Park, California

I. Introduction
II. Solution Biochemistry of Gallium
    A. Aqueous Chemistry of Gallium
    B. Comparison of Ga³⁺ and Fe³⁺
    C. Gallium Localization and Speciation in Blood
III. Physiological Transport and Distribution of Gallium
    A. Dose Effect on Tissue Distribution
    B. Distribution of Gallium to Soft Tissues and Tumors from Blood
    C. Distribution of Gallium to Bone from Blood
IV. Effects on Bone
    A. Effects on Bone Resorption and Osteoclasts
    B. Effects on Bone Formation (Anabolic Activity) and Osteoblasts
    C. Effects on PTH Secretion
    D. Effects on Secretion of IL-6 and Other Osteoclast-Activating Cytokines
V. Immunomodulating Activity
VI. Effects on Mitosis and Cellular Proliferation
    A. Neoplastic and other hyperproliferative tissue
    B. Lymphocytes
    C. Antimicrobial Activity
VII. Summary and Possible Future Research
    A. Gallium Affects Bone Resorption and Formation
    B. Gallium Modulates Immune Activity
    C. Gallium Inhibits Some Cellular Proliferation
Acknowledgments
References

^a Address for correspondence: Lawrence R. Bernstein, GeoMed, Inc., 285 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025. E-mail: larry.b{at}ix.netcom.com.

0031-6997/98/5004-0665$03.00/0
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Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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