| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Vol. 51, Issue 2, 341-396, June 1999
Department of Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute for
Neurosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute Neurosciences Vrije
Universiteit, Faculty of Medicine, Free University, Amsterdam, the
Netherlands
I. Introduction
A. Early History
B. Opioid Receptors and Endogenous Opioids
C. Addiction
II. Reinforcement and Motivation
A. Self-Administration
B. Intracranial Electrical Self-Stimulation
C. Conditioned Place Preference
III. Self-Administration
A. Intravenous Opioid Self-Administration
B. Variables Interfering with Opioid
Self-Administration
1. Dose of the Drug.
2. Route of Administration.
3. Schedules of Reinforcement.
4. Physical Dependence, Tolerance, and Sensitization.
5. Predisposing Variables.
6. Treatment Interference Studies.
C. Endogenous Opioids and Opioid Drugs of Abuse
1. Opioid Receptor Types.
2. Central Sites of Action.
3. Effects on Endogenous Opioid Systems.
IV. Intracranial Electrical Self-Stimulation
A. Effects of Opioids
B. Endogenous Opioids
V. Conditioned Place Preference
A. Opioid Place Preference
1. Opioid Receptor Types.
2. Sites of Action.
3. Brain Neurochemical Systems.
B. Variables Interfering with Opioid Place Preference
1. Aversive Effects of Opioids.
2. Tolerance, Physical Dependence, and Sensitization.
VI. Endogenous Opioids and Nonopioid Drugs of Abuse
A. Psychostimulants
B. Ethanol
VII. Brain DA and Opioid Drugs of Abuse
VIII. Addiction and Endogenous Opioids
IX. Perspectives
Acknowledgment
References
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  G. Henriksen and F. Willoch Imaging of opioid receptors in the central nervous system Brain, May 1, 2008; 131(5): 1171 - 1196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Solinas, L. V. Panlilio, K. Antoniou, L. A. Pappas, and S. R. Goldberg The Cannabinoid CB1 Antagonist N-Piperidinyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) -4-methylpyrazole-3-carboxamide (SR-141716A) Differentially Alters the Reinforcing Effects of Heroin under Continuous Reinforcement, Fixed Ratio, and Progressive Ratio Schedules of Drug Self-Administration in Rats J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2003; 306(1): 93 - 102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. D. Hayward, J. E. Pintar, and M. J. Low Selective Reward Deficit in Mice Lacking beta -Endorphin and Enkephalin J. Neurosci., September 15, 2002; 22(18): 8251 - 8258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. Shalev, J. W. Grimm, and Y. Shaham Neurobiology of Relapse to Heroin and Cocaine Seeking: A Review Pharmacol. Rev., March 1, 2002; 54(1): 1 - 42. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Nieto, J. Wilson, A. Cupo, B. P. Roques, and F. Noble Chronic Morphine Treatment Modulates the Extracellular Levels of Endogenous Enkephalins in Rat Brain Structures Involved in Opiate Dependence: A Microdialysis Study J. Neurosci., February 1, 2002; 22(3): 1034 - 1041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Gaveriaux-Ruff, D. Filliol, F. Simonin, H. W. D. Matthes, and B. L. Kieffer Immunosuppression by delta -Opioid Antagonist Naltrindole: delta - and Triple {micro}/delta /kappa -Opioid Receptor Knockout Mice Reveal a Nonopioid Activity J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2001; 298(3): 1193 - 1198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. A. Blednov, M. Stoffel, S. R. Chang, and R. A. Harris Potassium Channels as Targets for Ethanol: Studies of G-Protein-Coupled Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channel 2 (GIRK2) Null Mutant Mice J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 2001; 298(2): 521 - 530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Sarnyai, Y. Shaham, and S. C. Heinrichs The Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Drug Addiction Pharmacol. Rev., June 1, 2001; 53(2): 209 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. L. Kimmel, W. Gong, S. D. Vechia, R. G. Hunter, and M. J. Kuhar Intra-Ventral Tegmental Area Injection of Rat Cocaine and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide 55-102 Induces Locomotor Activity and Promotes Conditioned Place Preference J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 2000; 294(2): 784 - 792. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. Olive, H. N. Koenig, M. A. Nannini, and C. W. Hodge Stimulation of Endorphin Neurotransmission in the Nucleus Accumbens by Ethanol, Cocaine, and Amphetamine J. Neurosci., December 1, 2001; 21(23): RC184 - RC184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
 |
 |
 |
|
 |
 |
 |
