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Vol. 51, Issue 3, 403-438, September 1999
Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology,
I. Introduction
II. Biology of Endothelins and Steroid-Secreting Cells
A. Endothelins and their Receptors
1. Endothelins.
2. Endothelin Receptors.
B. Steroid-Secreting Cells
1. Adrenocortical Cells.
2. Leydig Cells.
3. Granulosa and Thecal Cells and Lutein Cells.
III. Endothelin Biosynthesis in Steroid-Secreting Tissues
A. Gene Expression Studies
1. Adrenal Gland.
2. Testis.
3. Ovary.
B. Immunocytochemical Studies
1. Adrenal Gland.
2. Testis.
3. Ovary.
C. Summary
IV. Endothelin Receptor Subtypes in Steroid-Secreting Tissues
A. Gene Expression Studies
1. Adrenal Gland.
2. Testis.
3. Ovary.
B. Saturation and Inhibition Binding Studies
1. Adrenal Gland.
2. Testis.
3. Ovary.
C. Immunocytochemical Studies
1. Adrenal Gland.
2. Testis.
3. Ovary.
D. Autoradiographic Studies
1. Adrenal Gland.
3. Ovary.
E. Summary
V. Effects of Endothelins on the Secretory Activity of
Steroid-Secreting Cells
A. Hormone Secretion
1. Adrenal Cortex.
2. Testis.
3. Ovary.
B. Mechanisms of Action and Receptor Subtypes Involved
1. Adrenal Cortex.
2. Testis.
ii. Stimulation of Cyclooxygenase-Dependent Cascade.
3. Ovary.
4. Other Possible Mechanisms.
C. Summary
VI. Effects of Endothelins on the Growth of Steroid-Secreting Cells
A. Cell Hypertrophy and Proliferation
1. Adrenal Cortex.
2. Testis.
3. Ovary.
B. Mechanisms of Action and Receptor Subtypes Involved
1. Adrenal Cortex.
2. Ovary.
C. Summary
VII. Regulation of Endothelin Synthesis and Release in
Steroid-Secreting Tissues
A. Adrenal Gland
1. Increase in Blood Flow.
2. Effect of Nitric Oxide.
B. Testis
C. Ovary
D. Summary
VIII. Involvement of Endothelins in the Pathophysiology of
Steroid-Secreting Tissues
A. Adrenal Gland
1. Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas.
2. Glucocorticoid- and Sex Steroid-Secreting Tumors.
3. Adrenocortical Carcinomas.
4. Idiopathic Hyperaldosteronism.
B. Testis
C. Ovary
IX. Conclusions and Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
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