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Vol. 51, Issue 4, 593-628, December 1999
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kuopio,
Kuopio, Finland (P.T.M.); and Department of Neurology, University of
Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (S.K.)
I. Introduction
II. COMT Gene and Proteins
A. One COMT Gene and Two Proteins
B. Three-Dimensional Structure of COMT
C. Kinetic Reaction Mechanism of COMT
D. Other Enzymological Aspects
E. Genetic Polymorphism: Variants with Different Thermostability
F. Distribution of COMT
1. Brain COMT.
2. COMT in Other Tissues.
G. General Importance of COMT
1. Substrates of COMT.
2. Quantitative Role of COMT in Metabolism of Catecholamines.
3. COMT Knockout Mice.
III. COMT Inhibitors
A. First-Generation COMT Inhibitors
B. Second-Generation COMT Inhibitors
C. Properties of New Compounds
1. COMT Inhibition.
2. Effects on L-Dopa and Catecholamine Metabolism.
3. Microdialysis Studies.
4. Voltammetric Studies.
5. Estrogen Metabolism and Role of COMT and COMT
Inhibitors.
6. Behavior.
7. S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine-Saving Effect
of COMT Inhibitors.
8. Other Effects of COMT Inhibitors.
9. Physicochemical Properties and Animal
Pharmacokinetics.
10. Toxicity.
11. Conclusions from Animal Studies.
IV. Positron Emission Tomography Studies
V. Practical and Theoretical Clinical Uses of COMT Inhibitors
VI. Human Studies with COMT Inhibitors
A. Human Pharmacokinetics of COMT Inhibitors
B. COMT Inhibition
C. Effect on Levodopa Pharmacokinetics
D. Effect on 3-OMD Levels
E. Effect on Plasma Catecholamine Metabolism
F. Clinical Efficacy
G. Safety
H. Drug Interactions
VII. Summary
VIII. Future Aspects
Acknowledgments
References
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