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Vol. 51, Issue 4, 629-650, December 1999

Enigma of the Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor

Moshe Gavish1, Idit Bachman, Rami Shoukrun, Yeshayahu Katz, Leo Veenman, Gary Weisinger and Abraham Weizman

Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Haifa, Israel (M.G.); Department of Pharmacology (M.G., I.B., R.S., L.V.) and Laboratory for Research in Anesthesia, Pain and Neuroscience (Y.K.), The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of Anesthesiology, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel (Y.K.); Endocrinology Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (G.W.); Geha Mental Health Center, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqva, Israel (A.W.); and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (A.W.)

I. Introduction
II. The Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor: Molecular Identity
III. Endogenous Ligands for Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors
IV. Role of Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors in Cellular Respiration
V. Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors in Endocrine System and Steroid Regulation
    A. Regulation of Steroidogenesis by Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors
    B. Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors in Female Genital Tract
        1. Ovary.
        2. Uterus and Oviduct.
        3. Adrenal.
        4. Mammary Gland.
    C. Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors in Male Genital Tract
VI. Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors under Pathological Conditions
    A. Stress Response
        1. Relevance of Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors to Stress.
        2. Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands and Behavior.
        3. Involvement of Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors in Acute Stress.
        4. Involvement of Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors in Chronic Stress.
        5. Putative Mechanisms Involved in Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor Response to Stress.
    B. Anxiety Disorders
        1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
        2. Panic Disorder.
        3. Generalized Social Phobia.
        4. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
        5. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
    C. Mood Disorders
    D. Neurodegenerative Disorders
        1. Parkinson's Disease.
        2. Alzheimer's Disease.
    E. Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors and Brain Damage
        1. Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors and Neurotoxic Brain Damage.
        2. Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors and Traumatic-Ischemic Brain Damage.
VII. Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors in Cancer and in Immune Function
VIII. Summary and Future Prospects
Acknowledgments
References

1 Address for correspondence: Dr. Moshe Gavish, Department of Pharmacology, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O.B. 9649, 31096 Haifa, Israel. E-mail: mgavish{at}tx.technion.ac.il

0031-6997/99/5104-0629$03.00/0
PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics


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