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Vol. 51, Issue 4, 651-690, December 1999

Adrenergic and Muscarinic Receptors in the Human Heart

Otto-Erich Brodde1 and Martin C. Michel

Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (O.-E.B.); and Department of Medicine, University of Essen, Germany (M.C.M.)

I. Introduction
II. Presence and Function of Receptor Subtypes in Human Heart
    A. alpha 1-Adrenoceptors
    B. alpha 2-Adrenoceptors
    C. beta -Adrenoceptors
        1. beta 1- and beta 2-Adrenoceptors.
        2. Is There a Third (or Fourth) beta -Adrenoceptor Subtype Present in Human Heart?
    D. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors
        1. Muscarinic M2 Receptors.
        2. Is There Another Muscarinic, Non-M2 Receptor in Human Heart?
III. Autonomic Responsiveness in the Aging Human Heart
    A. beta -Adrenoceptors
    B. Muscarinic Receptors
IV. Autonomic Responsiveness in the Failing Human Heart
    A. alpha 1-Adrenoceptors
    B. beta -Adrenoceptors
    C. Muscarinic Receptors
    D. Possible Mechanisms of Beneficial Effects of beta -Blockers in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
    E. Lessons from Transgenic Animals
V. Receptor Polymorphisms
VI. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References

1 Address for correspondence: Otto-Erich Brodde, Ph.D., Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 4, D-06097 Halle/Saale, Germany.

0031-6997/99/5104-0651$03.00/0
PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics


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