| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Vol. 53, Issue 2, 319-356, June 2001
Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine,
Alameda Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
I. Introduction
II. Subclassification of Adrenoceptors
A. 
1-Adrenoceptors
B. 2-Adrenoceptors
C. 
-Adrenoceptors
III. Postjunctional Adrenoceptors in Vascular Smooth Muscle
A. 1-Adrenoceptors
1. In Vitro.
2. In Vivo.
3. 1-Adrenoceptor Antagonists in the Symptomatic
Treatment of Prostatic Hypertrophy.
B. 2-Adrenoceptors
1. In Vitro.
2. In Vivo.
3. Blood Pressure Regulation in
2-Adrenoceptor-Deficient Mice.
C. -Adrenoceptors
1. In Vitro
a. 1- and
2-Adrenoceptors.
b. 3-Adrenoceptors.
c. Putative 4-Adrenoceptors.
2. In Vivo.
IV. Prejunctional Adrenoceptors
A. 2-Adrenoceptors
B. -Adrenoceptors
V. Endothelial Adrenoceptors
A. 2-Adrenoceptors
B. -Adrenoceptors
VI. Distribution of Vascular Adrenoceptors
A. Localization in Relation to Sympathetic Nerve Terminals
B. Distribution Upstream and Downstream
C. Distribution in Particular Vascular Beds
VII. Influence of Maturation and Aging
A. On -Adrenoceptors
B. On -Adrenoceptors
VIII. Influence of Temperature on Vascular Adrenoceptor-Mediated
Responses
IX. Vascular Adrenoceptors in Some Diseases
X. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
The total and regional peripheral resistance and
capacitance of the vascular system is regulated by the sympathetic
nervous system, which influences the vasculature mainly through changes in the release of catecholamines from both the sympathetic nerve terminals and the adrenal medulla. The knowledge of the targets for
noradrenaline and adrenaline, the main endogenous catecholamines mediating that influence, has recently been greatly expanded. From two
types of adrenoceptors ( and ), we have now nine subtypes (1A, 1B, 1D,
2A/D, 2B, 2A/D,
1, 2, and 3) and two other candidates (1L and 4), which may be
conformational states of 1A and
1-adrenoceptors, respectively. The vascular endothelium is now known to be more than a pure anatomical entity, which smoothly contacts the blood and forms a passive barrier against plasma lipids.
Instead, the endothelium is an important organ possessing at least five
different adrenoceptor subtypes (2A/D,
2C, 1, 2, and
3), which either directly or through the release of
nitric oxide actively participate in the regulation of the vascular
tone. The availability of transgenic models has resulted in a stepwise progression toward the identification of the role of each adrenoceptor subtype in the regulation of blood pressure and fine-tuning of blood
supply to the different organs: 2A/D-adrenoceptors are involved in the central control of blood pressure;
1-(primarily) and 2B-adrenoceptors
(secondarily) contribute to the peripheral regulation of vascular tone;
and 2A/D- and 2C-adrenoceptors modulate
transmitter release. The increased knowledge on the involvement of
vascular adrenoceptors in many diseases like Raynaud's, scleroderma, several neurological degenerative diseases (familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy, Parkinson disease, multiple-system atrophy), some kinds
of hypertension, etc., will contribute to new and better therapeutic approaches.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K. C. Peebles, A. M. Richards, L. Celi, K. McGrattan, C. J. Murrell, and P. N. Ainslie Human cerebral arteriovenous vasoactive exchange during alterations in arterial blood gases J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2008; 105(4): 1060 - 1068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. J. Elenkov, R. Kvetnansky, A. Hashiramoto, V. K. Bakalov, A. A. Link, K. Zachman, M. Crane, D. Jezova, J. Rovensky, M. A. Dimitrov, et al. Low- versus High-Baseline Epinephrine Output Shapes Opposite Innate Cytokine Profiles: Presence of Lewis- and Fischer-Like Neurohormonal Immune Phenotypes in Humans? J. Immunol., August 1, 2008; 181(3): 1737 - 1745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Giannarelli, A. Virdis, F. De Negri, E. Duranti, A. Magagna, L. Ghiadoni, A. Salvetti, and S. Taddei Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Release in Healthy Subjects and Hypertensive Patients: Relationship With {beta}-Adrenergic Receptors and the Nitric Oxide Pathway Hypertension, August 1, 2008; 52(2): 314 - 321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Lyssand, M. C. DeFino, X.-b. Tang, A. L. Hertz, D. B. Feller, J. L. Wacker, M. E. Adams, and C. Hague Blood Pressure Is Regulated by an {alpha}1D-Adrenergic Receptor/Dystrophin Signalosome J. Biol. Chem., July 4, 2008; 283(27): 18792 - 18800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K.-T. Cheng, Y.-K. Leung, B. Shen, Y.-C. Kwok, C.-O. Wong, H.-Y. Kwan, Y.-B. Man, X. Ma, Y. Huang, and X. Yao CNGA2 Channels Mediate Adenosine-Induced Ca2+ Influx in Vascular Endothelial Cells Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., May 1, 2008; 28(5): 913 - 918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. D. Shanler and A. L. Ondo Successful Treatment of the Erythema and Flushing of Rosacea Using a Topically Applied Selective {alpha}1-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist, Oxymetazoline Arch Dermatol, November 1, 2007; 143(11): 1369 - 1371. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Chen, T. W. Moon, K. R. Olson, R. A. Dombkowski, and S. F. Perry The effects of salt-induced hypertension on {alpha}1-adrenoreceptor expression and cardiovascular physiology in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): R1384 - R1392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Shi, Z. Wu, N. Cui, W. Shi, Y. Yang, X. Zhang, A. Rojas, B. T. Ha, and C. Jiang PKA phosphorylation of SUR2B subunit underscores vascular KATP channel activation by beta-adrenergic receptors Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): R1205 - R1214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Dunaway, Qianli Yu, and D. F. Larson Effect of acute alpha adrenergic stimulation on cardiac function Perfusion, July 1, 2007; 22(4): 289 - 292. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. H. Tan, A. Al Abed, and J. A. Brock Inhibition of KATP channels in the rat tail artery by neurally released noradrenaline acting on postjunctional {alpha}2-adrenoceptors J. Physiol., June 1, 2007; 581(2): 757 - 765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Gu, Y.-S. Lin, and L.-Y. Lee Epinephrine enhances the sensitivity of rat vagal chemosensitive neurons: role of beta3-adrenoceptor J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2007; 102(4): 1545 - 1555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Elster, C. Elling, and A. Heding Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer as a Screening Assay: Focus on Partial and Inverse Agonism J Biomol Screen, February 1, 2007; 12(1): 41 - 49. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. A. Kluess, J. B. Buckwalter, J. J. Hamann, D. S. DeLorey, and P. S. Clifford Frequency and pattern dependence of adrenergic and purinergic vasoconstriction in rat skeletal muscle arteries Exp Physiol, November 1, 2006; 91(6): 1051 - 1058. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Giembycz and R. Newton Beyond the dogma: novel {beta}2-adrenoceptor signalling in the airways. Eur. Respir. J., June 1, 2006; 27(6): 1286 - 1306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Buvinic, M. I. Poblete, M. V. Donoso, A. M. Delpiano, R. Briones, R. Miranda, and J. P. Huidobro-Toro P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptor distribution varies along the human placental vascular tree: role of nucleotides in vascular tone regulation J. Physiol., June 1, 2006; 573(2): 427 - 443. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kaczynska and M. Szereda-Przestaszewska Clonidine-evoked respiratory effects in anaesthetized rats Exp Physiol, January 1, 2006; 91(1): 269 - 275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Villalobos-Molina and M. Ibarra Increased Expression and Function of Vascular {alpha}1D-Adrenoceptors May Mediate The Prohypertensive Effects Of Angiotensin II Mol. Interv., December 1, 2005; 5(6): 340 - 342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Iaccarino, M. Ciccarelli, D. Sorriento, G. Galasso, A. Campanile, G. Santulli, E. Cipolletta, V. Cerullo, V. Cimini, G. G. Altobelli, et al. Ischemic Neoangiogenesis Enhanced by {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor Overexpression: A Novel Role for the Endothelial Adrenergic System Circ. Res., November 25, 2005; 97(11): 1182 - 1189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Luksha, L. Poston, J.-A. Gustafsson, L. Aghajanova, and K. Kublickiene Gender-Specific Alteration of Adrenergic Responses in Small Femoral Arteries From Estrogen Receptor-{beta} Knockout Mice Hypertension, November 1, 2005; 46(5): 1163 - 1168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Shafaroudi, M. McBride, C. Deighan, A. Wokoma, J. Macmillan, C. J. Daly, and J. C. McGrath Two "Knockout" Mouse Models Demonstrate That Aortic Vasodilatation Is Mediated via {alpha}2A-Adrenoceptors Located on the Endothelium J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 2005; 314(2): 804 - 810. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Guimaraes and H. Pinheiro Functional evidence that in the cardiovascular system AT1 angiotensin II receptors are AT1B prejunctionally and AT1A postjunctionally Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2005; 67(2): 208 - 215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Rozec, S. Serpillon, G. Toumaniantz, C. Seze, Y. Rautureau, O. Baron, J. Noireaud, and C. Gauthier Characterization of Beta3-Adrenoceptors in Human Internal Mammary Artery and Putative Involvement in Coronary Artery Bypass Management J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 19, 2005; 46(2): 351 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Etzel, B. K. Rana, G. Wen, R. J. Parmer, N. J. Schork, D. T. O'Connor, and P. A. Insel Genetic Variation at the Human {alpha}2B-Adrenergic Receptor Locus: Role in Blood Pressure Variation and Yohimbine Response Hypertension, June 1, 2005; 45(6): 1207 - 1213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Gardiner, J. E. March, P. A. Kemp, and T. Bennett Involvement of CB1-receptors and {beta}-adrenoceptors in the regional hemodynamic responses to lipopolysaccharide infusion in conscious rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2005; 288(5): H2280 - H2288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. L. Herrick Pathogenesis of Raynaud's phenomenon Rheumatology, May 1, 2005; 44(5): 587 - 596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Uberti, C. Hague, H. Oller, K. P. Minneman, and R. A. Hall Heterodimerization with {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptors Promotes Surface Expression and Functional Activity of {alpha}1D-Adrenergic Receptors J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2005; 313(1): 16 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. A. Flavahan Phenylpropanolamine Constricts Mouse and Human Blood Vessels by Preferentially Activating {alpha}2-Adrenoceptors J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2005; 313(1): 432 - 439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Miquel, R. Gisbert, E. Serna, F. Perez-Vizcaino, E. Anselmi, M. A. Noguera, M. D. Ivorra, and M. P. D'Ocon Acute and Chronic Captopril, but Not Prazosin or Nifedipine, Normalize Alterations in Adrenergic Intracellular Ca2+ Handling Observed in the Mesenteric Arterial Tree of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2005; 313(1): 359 - 367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. G Lambert and G. D Thomas {alpha}-Adrenoceptor constrictor responses and their modulation in slow-twitch and fast-twitch mouse skeletal muscle J. Physiol., March 15, 2005; 563(3): 821 - 829. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Hosoda, T.-a. Koshimizu, A. Tanoue, Y. Nasa, R. Oikawa, T. Tomabechi, S. Fukuda, H. Shinoura, S. Oshikawa, S. Takeo, et al. Two {alpha}1-Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes Regulating the Vasopressor Response Have Differential Roles in Blood Pressure Regulation Mol. Pharmacol., March 1, 2005; 67(3): 912 - 922. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J Haug and S. S Segal Sympathetic neural inhibition of conducted vasodilatation along hamster feed arteries: complementary effects of {alpha}1- and {alpha}2-adrenoreceptor activation J. Physiol., March 1, 2005; 563(2): 541 - 555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.-a. Koshimizu, G. Tsujimoto, A. Hirasawa, Y. Kitagawa, and A. Tanoue Carvedilol selectively inhibits oscillatory intracellular calcium changes evoked by human {alpha}1D- and {alpha}1B-adrenergic receptors Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2004; 63(4): 662 - 672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. D. Thomas and S. S. Segal Neural control of muscle blood flow during exercise J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2004; 97(2): 731 - 738. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E. Teixeira, J. S. Baracat, A. Zanesco, E. Antunes, and G. De Nucci Atypical {beta}-Adrenoceptor Subtypes Mediate Relaxations of Rabbit Corpus Cavernosum J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., May 1, 2004; 309(2): 587 - 593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. L. Kirstein and P. A. Insel Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacogenomics: A Progress Report Pharmacol. Rev., March 1, 2004; 56(1): 31 - 52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. F. Harris and K. A. Matthews Interactions Between Autonomic Nervous System Activity and Endothelial Function: A Model for the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Psychosom Med, March 1, 2004; 66(2): 153 - 164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Woolard, T. Bennett, W. R. Dunn, D. J. Heal, S. Aspley, and S. M. Gardiner Acute Cardiovascular Effects of Sibutramine in Conscious Rats J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2004; 308(3): 1102 - 1110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. W. Wray, P. J. Fadel, M. L. Smith, P. Raven, and M. Sander Inhibition of {alpha}-adrenergic vasoconstriction in exercising human thigh muscles J. Physiol., March 1, 2004; 555(2): 545 - 563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Hao, M. Du, A. Lopez-Campistrous, and C. Fernandez-Patron Agonist-Induced Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Promotes Vasoconstriction Through the Epidermal Growth Factor-Receptor Pathway Circ. Res., January 9, 2004; 94(1): 68 - 76. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Chotani, S. Mitra, B. Y. Su, S. Flavahan, A. H. Eid, K. R. Clark, C. R. Montague, H. Paris, D. E. Handy, and N. A. Flavahan Regulation of {alpha}2-adrenoceptors in human vascular smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2004; 286(1): H59 - H67. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Rothman, N. Vu, J. S. Partilla, B. L. Roth, S. J. Hufeisen, B. A. Compton-Toth, J. Birkes, R. Young, and R. A. Glennon In Vitro Characterization of Ephedrine-Related Stereoisomers at Biogenic Amine Transporters and the Receptorome Reveals Selective Actions as Norepinephrine Transporter Substrates J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., October 1, 2003; 307(1): 138 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Pereira, M. S. Floriano, G. F.A. Mota, R. S. Cunha, F. L. Herkenhoff, J. G. Mill, and J. E. Krieger {beta}2 Adrenoceptor Functional Gene Variants, Obesity, and Blood Pressure Level Interactions in the General Population Hypertension, October 1, 2003; 42(4): 685 - 692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. S. Banwait and S. Rattan Role of nitric oxide in {beta}3-adrenoceptor activation on basal tone of internal anal sphincter Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, August 8, 2003; 285(3): G547 - G555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Cirino, R. Sorrentino, R. d'E. di Villa Bianca, A. Popolo, A. Palmieri, C. Imbimbo, F. Fusco, N. Longo, G. Tajana, L. J. Ignarro, et al. Involvement of beta 3-adrenergic receptor activation via cyclic GMP- but not NO-dependent mechanisms in human corpus cavernosum function PNAS, April 29, 2003; 100(9): 5531 - 5536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C Schindler, M Grossmann, D Dobrev, K Francke, U Ravens, and W Kirch Reproducibility of Dorsal Hand Vein Responses to Phenylephrine and Prostaglandin F2{alpha} Using the Dorsal Hand Vein Compliance Method J. Clin. Pharmacol., March 1, 2003; 43(3): 228 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Teeters, C. Erami, H. Zhang, and J. E. Faber Systemic alpha 1A-adrenoceptor antagonist inhibits neointimal growth after balloon injury of rat carotid artery Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2003; 284(1): H385 - H392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Newman-Tancredi, D. Cussac, V. Audinot, J.-P. Nicolas, F. De Ceuninck, J.-A. Boutin, and M. J. Millan Differential Actions of Antiparkinson Agents at Multiple Classes of Monoaminergic Receptor. II. Agonist and Antagonist Properties at Subtypes of Dopamine D2-Like Receptor and alpha 1/alpha 2-Adrenoceptor J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 2002; 303(2): 805 - 814. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Bishai, L. Penninga, R. Nijland, R. Meulenaar, C. P. Gheorghe, Y. Zhao, J. N. Buchholz, L. Zhang, and L. D. Longo Pre- and postjunctional alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in fetal and adult ovine cerebral arteries Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 2002; 282(6): R1654 - R1662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
 |
 |
 |
|
 |
 |
 |
