|
TABLE 2
Primary vascular sources, targets, and selected effects of interleukins
for which a pro- or anti-atherogenic role has been established in
murine intervention studies.
|
|
|
Primary
Sources |
Primary Vascular Effector Cells and Direct
Effects
|
Murine Intervention Studies |
Endothelial
Cells
|
Monocytes/Macrophages
|
Smooth Muscle
Cells
|
 |
 |
|
|
|
|
|
| IL-1 |
EC, T cell, M ,
SMC (IL-1ra: EC, M, SMC) |
IL-1, IL-6,
IL-8, MCP-1, M-CSF, fractalkine, |
proliferation |
IL-6 |
apolipoprotein E |
IL-6, IL-8,
IL-11, MCP-1, M-CSF, |
proliferation |
vascular inflammation
in IL-1ra-deficient mice |
|
|
IL-1R1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1,
E-selectin, tissue factor, heme oxygenase, apoptosis |
|
PDGF-AA,
superoxide |
|
GM-CSF,ICAM-1, VCAM-1, iNOS, COX-2, Mn-SOD,
stromelysin, interstitial collagenase, proliferation |
|
atherogenesis in IL-1ra-transgenic mice |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| IL-6 |
EC, M, SMC |
IL-6,
migration |
HGF
proliferation |
MCP-1 |
SR-A |
Proliferation |
|
rIL-6 fatty
streak formation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rIL-6 atherogenesis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rIL-6 plaque
progression |
| IL-8 |
EC, M, SMC |
Monocyte
adhesion |
|
|
TIMP-1 |
Chemotaxis, proliferation |
|
atherogenesis following transfer of IL-8-transgenic bone marrow |
| IL-12 |
EC, M |
VCAM-1 |
|
|
|
|
|
rIL-12 plaque progression |
| IL-9 |
T cell |
|
|
|
TNF oxidative
burst |
|
|
IL-9 atherogenesis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IL-9 immunization atherogenesis |
| IL-10 |
T cell, M |
|
IL-6, IL-8 |
TIMP-1, differentiation,
phagocytosis |
Cytokine production, TNF |
|
PLA2,
proliferation |
atherogenesis in IL-10-deficient mice |
|
|
|
VCAM-1, ICAM-1, P-selectin, E-selectin,
angiogenesis |
|
ICAM-1, CD18, CD62-L, tissue factor |
|
|
atherogenesis in IL-10-transgenic mice |
|
|
|
|
|
iNOS |
|
|
atherogenesis following
transfer of IL-10-transgenic bone marrow |
|
|
|
|
|
MMP-9 |
|
|
plasmid-mediated/
adenoviral IL-10 gene transfer atherogenesis |
|
|
|
|
|
MHC II, B7, |
|
|
|
|
|
NF- B
activation, |
|
|
|
|
|
activation, |
|
|
|
|
|
proliferation |
|
|
Cox-2, cyclooxygenase-2; EC, endothelial cell; HGF, hepatic
growth factor; M-CSF, monocyte colony-stimulating factor;
PLA2, phospholipase A2; SR-A, scavenger
receptor-A; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1.
|
|
