Abstract
Amylin is a pancreatic β-cell hormone that produces effects in several different organ systems. Here, we review the literature in rodents and in humans on amylin research since its discovery as a hormone about 25 years ago. Amylin is a 37-amino-acid peptide that activates its specific receptors, which are multisubunit G protein–coupled receptors resulting from the coexpression of a core receptor protein with receptor activity–modifying proteins, resulting in multiple receptor subtypes. Amylin’s major role is as a glucoregulatory hormone, and it is an important regulator of energy metabolism in health and disease. Other amylin actions have also been reported, such as on the cardiovascular system or on bone. Amylin acts principally in the circumventricular organs of the central nervous system and functionally interacts with other metabolically active hormones such as cholecystokinin, leptin, and estradiol. The amylin-based peptide, pramlintide, is used clinically to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Clinical studies in obesity have shown that amylin agonists could also be useful for weight loss, especially in combination with other agents.
Footnotes
This research was supported by the Health Research Council of New Zealand, the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, the Auckland Medical Research Foundation, the Maurice and Phyllis Paykel Trust, and the New Zealand Lotteries Commission (to D.L.H.). Continued financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation, as well as support from the Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, the Novartis Foundation, the Ciba-Geigy Foundation, the Olga Mayenfisch Foundation, and the Vontobel Foundation are gratefully acknowledged (to T.A.L.).
D.L.H. has been a speaker for Amylin Pharmaceuticals and received in-kind support from Amylin Pharmaceuticals in the form of peptides. S.C., D.G.P., and J.D.R. have been employed by and have held equity in Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. T.A.L. has received in-kind support from Amylin Pharmaceuticals in the form of peptides.
- Copyright © 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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