PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ronald C. Bruntz AU - Craig W. Lindsley AU - H. Alex Brown ED - Sibley, David R. TI - Phospholipase D Signaling Pathways and Phosphatidic Acid as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer AID - 10.1124/pr.114.009217 DP - 2014 Oct 01 TA - Pharmacological Reviews PG - 1033--1079 VI - 66 IP - 4 4099 - http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/66/4/1033.short 4100 - http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/66/4/1033.full SO - Pharmacol Rev2014 Oct 01; 66 AB - Phospholipase D is a ubiquitous class of enzymes that generates phosphatidic acid as an intracellular signaling species. The phospholipase D superfamily plays a central role in a variety of functions in prokaryotes, viruses, yeast, fungi, plants, and eukaryotic species. In mammalian cells, the pathways modulating catalytic activity involve a variety of cellular signaling components, including G protein–coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, polyphosphatidylinositol lipids, Ras/Rho/ADP-ribosylation factor GTPases, and conventional isoforms of protein kinase C, among others. Recent findings have shown that phosphatidic acid generated by phospholipase D plays roles in numerous essential cellular functions, such as vesicular trafficking, exocytosis, autophagy, regulation of cellular metabolism, and tumorigenesis. Many of these cellular events are modulated by the actions of phosphatidic acid, and identification of two targets (mammalian target of rapamycin and Akt kinase) has especially highlighted a role for phospholipase D in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Phospholipase D is a regulator of intercellular signaling and metabolic pathways, particularly in cells that are under stress conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the regulation of phospholipase D activity and its modulation of cellular signaling pathways and functions.