Table 4

Pharmacokinetic parameters of CL and SSL DOX in humans

Formulation	Dose	T_1/2	AUC	V_d	Cl	Reference
	mg/m²	h	mg ∗ h/l	l	l/h
SSL DOX	25	3.2 (0.2–5.4)	609	4.1	0.08	Gabizon et al. (1994)
		45.2 (20.8–59.1)	(227–887)	(3.0–6.5)	(0.05–0.21)
	50	1.4 (0.2–7.3)	902	5.9	0.09	Gabizon et al. (1994)
		45.9 (29.3–74.0)	(335–2497)	(2.3–10.1)	(0.03–0.24)
Free DOX	25	0.07 (0.05–0.09)	1.0	254	45.3	Gabizon et al. (1994)
		8.7 (3.6–13.3)	(0.7–1.3)	(126–393)	(39.7–48.6)
	50	0.06 (0.06–0.08)	3.5	365	25.3	Gabizon et al. (1994)
		10.4 (5.4–26.8)	(2.6–6.0)	(131–501)	(13.3–35.2)
SSL DOX	20	5.6	577	4.7	0.07	Working and Dayan (1996)
		56.6
TLC D-99	20	0.71 ± 0.37	30.4 ± 32.5	21.4 ± 14.0	23.5 ± 15.6	Cowens et al. (1993)
		8.2 ± 6.2
	25	0.29 ± 0.09	19.7 ± 17.7	18.8 ± 10.7	23.3 ± 15.7
		6.68 ± 2.94
	30	0.37 ± 0.16	50.5 ± 44.9	8.2 ± 3.0	9.0 ± 7.8
		25.0 ± 22.5
	90	0.45 ± 0.60	14.1 ± 16.6	14.6 ± 7.8	21.8 ± 15.5
		13.5 ± 6.6
TLC D-99	30	0.2 ± 0.1	30.4 ± 25.8	7.1 ± 4.0	9.8 ± 10.7	Conley et al. (1993)
		25.1 ± 35.5
DSPC/Chol (2:1)	10	2.8	16.9	3.75	0.942	Gill et al. (1995)
(daunorubicin)	20	3.8	57.2	4.1	0.858
	40	4.0	120.1	3.7	0.630
	60	8.3	301.1	2.9	0.402
	80	5.2	375.3	2.9	0.396
Free daunorubicin	80	0.77	10.33	1055	13.38	Forssen and Ross (1994)
DSPC:Chol (55:45) (VCR)	2.0	1.95 ± 1.67	6.5 ± 0.6	4.35 ± 0.84		Embree et al. (1998)
		22.5 ± 9.85
	2.8	7.2 ± 4.8	40.2 ± 17.2	2.26 ± 0.47
		99.3 ± 17.2

Errors are expressed as either a range (in parentheses) or as a S.D., depending on the source of the data. For expression of half-lives of elimination, the top value is the half-life associated with the first exponent of elimination, and the bottom value is the half-life associated with the second exponent of elimination.
T _1/2, half-life elimination of drug from the circulation; V _d, volume of distribution; Cl, total plasma clearance.