Analog | Structure | Characteristics | Status | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
NovoSol Basal | Arg(B27)Gly(A21)Thr(B30) | Long action, low bioavailability | Trials discontinued | Jorgensen et al., 1989;Jorgensen and Drejer, 1990 |
Lispro | Lys(B28)Pro(B29) | Short-acting, rapidly absorbed | Available | Howey et al., 1994; Torlone et al., 1994;Pfutzner et al., 1996; Anderson et al., 1997; Brunelle et al., 1998;Karsidag et al., 1996; Zinman et al., 1997; Ciofetta et al., 1999;Lalli et al., 1999; Renner et al., 1999; Roach et al., 1999; Garg et al., 1999 1-a |
Aspart | Asp(B28) | Short-acting, rapidly absorbed | Advanced clinical trials, awaiting approval | Home et al., 1998; Heinemann et al., 1998; Dall, 1999; Lindholm et al., 1999 |
HOE 901 | Gly(A21)Arg(B31)Arg(B32) | Long-acting, peakless action, low rates of hypoglycemia | Advanced clinical trials, awaiting approval | Talaicular et al., 1996; Pieber et al., 1998; Rosenstock et al., 1998; Raskin et al., 1998; Matthews et al., 1998 |
WW99-S32 | N(epsilon)-palmitoyl Lys(B29) | Long action, less variation, highly reproducible pharmacokinetic profile | Pre-clinical and early clinical trials | Myers et al., 1997; Howey et al., 1997;Radziuk et al., 1998 |
NN304 | LysB29-tetradecanoyl,des(B30) | Long-acting, peakless action, less variation | Pre-clinical and early clinical trials | Markussen et al., 1996; Kurtzhals et al., 1997; Heinemann et al., 1999 |
↵1-a See text for more references on insulin Lispro.