Drugs of Abuse | Condition | CRF | CRF Receptors | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mRNA | Peptide Content | Release | R1 mRNA | Binding | ||
Acute | ↑ HYPO, AMY, OB3-b ↑ PVN3-d | ↓ HYPO, BF, HPC, fCTX3-c
↑ AMY3-c | ↑ CEA3-a | — AP3-b | ||
Psychostimulants | Chronic | ↓ HYPO3-b
— AMY3-b | — HYPO, AMY, BF3-c | ↓ CEA3-a | ↓ HPC3-e | ↓ BLA3-f
↓ BF3-g |
Withdrawal | — HYPO (10 days)3-b | ↓ HYPO, BF, AMY3-i | ↑ CEA3-h | |||
Acute | — PVN3-j | ↑ HYPO3-k PVN, ME3-l
↑ BNST, ↓ VMH3-l | ↑ HYPO (in vitro)3-m | |||
Opiates | Chronic | — PVN3-j | ↑ HYPO, VMH3-l
↓ ME, BNST, AN3-l | — AP3-n | ||
Withdrawal | ↑ PVN3-j | ↓ PVN, AN3-o
— ME, BNST, VMH3-o | ↓ BLA, pfCTX3-n
↑ AMY, pCTX, DG (R2)3-n | |||
Acute | ↑ PVN3-p
— AMY3-r | ↑ HYPO (in vitro)3-s | ↑ PVN3-q
— AMY3-q | |||
Alcohol | Chronic | ↓ HYPO, ME3-u | ↑ HYPO (in vitro)3-t | |||
Withdrawal | ↑ CEA3-v | |||||
Acute | ↑ HYPO3-w
↓ LC, AMY, pCTX, cCTX3-w | |||||
Benzodiazepines | Chronic | ↑ AMY (females)3-x
↑ LC (males)3-x; LC3-w | ↓ CTX, HPC3-y
↑ SEP, HYPO (R2)3-y | ↓ fCTX, HPC3-z
↑ AP3-w | ||
Withdrawal | ||||||
Acute | ↑ AMY (in vitro)3-aa | ↑ HYPO (in vitro)3-bb | ||||
Nicotine | Chronic | |||||
Withdrawal | ||||||
Acute | — PVN3-cc | — PVN3-dd | ||||
THC | Chronic | ↑ PVN3-ee | ||||
Withdrawal | ↑ CEA3-ff |
AMY, amygdala; AN, arcuate nucleus; AP, anterior pituitary; BLA, basolateral amygdala; BF, basal forebrain (nucleus accumbens, septum, and olfactory tubercle); CEA, central nucleus of amygdala; CTX, cortex; DG, dentate gyrus; fCTX, frontal cortex; pCTX, parietal cortex; pfCTX, prefontal cortex; HYPO, hypothalamus; HPC, hippocampus; ME, median eminence; OB, olfactory bulb, SEP, septum; VMH, ventromedial hypothalamus; R1, CRF type 1 receptor; ↑, increase; ↓, decrease; —, no change.
↵3-a Richter et al., 1995.
↵3-b Rivier and Lee, 1994.
↵3-c Sarnyai et al., 1993; Gardi et al., 1997.
↵3-d Zhou et al., 1996.
↵3-e McLean et al., 2000.
↵3-f Ambrosio et al., 2000.
↵3-g Goeders et al., 1998.
↵3-h Richter and Weiss, 1999.
↵3-i Sarnyai et al., 1995.
↵3-j Lightman and Young, 1988.
↵3-k Suemaru et al., 1985; Buckingham and Cooper, 1987.
↵3-l Milanes et al., 1997.
↵3-m Suemaru et al, 1985; Prevot et al., 1998.
↵3-n Iredale et al., 2000.
↵3-o Milanes et al., 1998.
↵3-p Ogilvie, 1997; Ogilvie et al., 1997.
↵3-q Lee and RIvier, 1997.
↵3-r Ogilvie et al., 1997.
↵3-s Redei et al., 1998; de Waele and Gianoulakis, 1993.
↵3-t Redei et al., 1988.
↵3-u Rivier et al., 1984; Redei et al., 1988; Lee et al., 2000.
↵3-v Pich et al., 1995.
↵3-w Owens et al., 1993.
↵3-x Wilson et al., 1996.
↵3-y Skelton et al., 1997.
↵3-z Grigoriadis et al., 1989.
↵3-aa Kasckow et al., 1999.
↵3-bb Hillhouse and Milton, 1989.
↵3-cc Corchero et al., 1999b.
↵3-dd Corchero et al., 1999a
↵3-ee Corchero et al., 1999a,b.
↵3-ff Rodriguez de Fonseca et al., 1996.