Effect of pharmacological manipulations on cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine and heroin seeking
| Neurotransmitter System | References | Type of Procedure; Training Drug; Training Dose (mg/kg/infusion); Schedule; Session Duration (h/day) | Discrete CS | Discriminative or Contextual Cues | Extinction Behavior |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabinoids | |||||
| Cannabinoid antagonist: | |||||
| SR141716A (0.3–3.0 mg/kg, s.c.) | De Vries et al., 2001 | B; C; 0.5; FR-5; 2 h | Attenuation | ||
| Dopamine | |||||
| D1-like receptor agonist: | |||||
| SKF-81297 (1 mg/kg, s.c.) | Weiss et al., 2001 | B; C; 0.75; FR-1; 2 h | No effect | ||
| D2-like receptor agonist: | |||||
| PD 128,907 (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) | Weiss et al., 2001 | B; C; 0.75; FR-1; 2 h | Attenuation | ||
| D1-like receptor antagonist: | |||||
| SCH-23390 (2 μg/side, BLA) | See et al., 2001 | B; 0.75; FR-1; 3 h | Attenuation | ||
| SCH-23390 (1–10 μg/kg, s.c.) | Alleweireldt et al., 2002 | B; C; 0.75; VR-5; 2 h | Attenuation | ||
| SCH-23390 (2.5–10 μg/kg, s.c.) | Ciccocioppo et al., 2001 | B; C; 0.75; FR-1; 2 h | Attenuation | ||
| SCH-23390 (5–10 μg/kg, i.p.) | H. Crombag, J. W. Grimm, and Y. Shaham, submitted | B; C; 0.75; FR-1; 2 h | Attenuation | ||
| SCH-39166 (10 μg/kg, s.c.) | Ciccocioppo et al., 2001 | B; C; 0.75; FR-1; 2 h | Attenuation | ||
| SCH-39166 (10 μg/kg, s.c.) | Weiss et al., 2001 | B; C; 0.75; FR-1; 2 h | Attenuation | ||
| D2-like receptor antagonist: | |||||
| Raclopride (5 μg/side, BLA) | See et al., 2001 | B; 0.75; FR-1; 3 h | No effect | ||
| Raclopride (50–100 μg/kg, i.p.) | Crombag et al., submitted | B; C; 0.75; FR-1; 2 h | Attenuation | ||
| HAL (150–300 μg/kg, i.p.) | McFarland and Ettenberg, 1997 | B; H; runway; 0.1 | No effect | ||
| D2/3 receptor antagonist: | |||||
| Nafadotride (1 mg/kg, s.c.) | Weiss et al., 2001 | B; C; 0.75; FR-1; 2 h | Attenuation | ||
| Glutamate | |||||
| NMDA antagonist: | |||||
| AP-5 (1.97 μg/side, BLA) | See et al., 2001 | B; 0.75; FR-1; 3 h | No effect | ||
| D-CPPene (0.3–3 mg/kg, i.p.) | Bespalov et al., 2000 | B; 0.32; FR-1; 3 h | Attenuation | ||
| Memantine (1–10 mg/kg, i.p.) | Bespalov et al., 2000 | B; 0.32; FR-1; 3 h | No effect | ||
| Non-NMDA antagonist: | |||||
| CNQX (0.83 μg/side, BLA) | See et al., 2001 | B; 0.75; FR-1; 3 h | No effect | ||
| Noradrenaline | |||||
| α2-Adrenoceptor agonist: | |||||
| Lofexidine (100–200 mg/kg, i.p.) | Highfield et al., 2001 | B; 0.025 H+0.25 C; FR-1; 6 h | No effect | ||
| Reuptake inhibitor: | |||||
| DMI (10 mg/kg/day for 21 days, i.p.) | Fuchs et al., 1998 | B; 0.75; VR-5; 3 h | Attenuation | ||
| Opioids | |||||
| Antagonist: | |||||
| Naloxone (0.5, 1, 3 mg/kg, i.p.) | McFarland and Ettenberg, 1998 | B; H; runway; 0.1 | No effect | ||
| Serotonin | |||||
| Reuptake inhibitor: | |||||
| Fluoxetine (3.0 mg/kg/day for 20 days, i.p.) | Baker et al., 2001 | B; 0.5; FR-1; 6 h | Attenuation | ||
| Tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor: | |||||
| Para-chlorophenylalanine (100 mg/kg 2 days, i.p.) | Tran-Nguyen et al., 1999 | B; 0.33; FR-1; 2 h | Attenuation | ||
| Depletion of serotonin: | |||||
| 5,7-DHT (200 μg/20 μl, i.c.v.) | Tran-Nguyen et al., 2001 | B; 0.33; FR-1; 2–8 h | Attenuation |
Abbreviations: B, between-session reinstatement procedure; B-W, between-within session reinstatement procedure; C, cocaine; H, heroin; HAL, haloperidol; VR, variable ratio schedule of reinforcement; W, within-session reinstatement procedure.