Physiological function and pharmacology of calcium channels
| Channel | Current | Localization | Specific Antagonists | Cellular Functions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cav1.1 | L | Skeletal muscle transverse tubules | Dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines | Excitation-contraction coupling |
| Cav1.2 | L | Cardiac myocytes, endocrine cells, neuronal cell bodies and proximal dendrites | Dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines | Excitation-contraction coupling, hormone release, regulation of transcription, synaptic integration |
| Cav1.3 | L | Endocrine cells, neuronal cell bodies and dendrites | Dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines | Hormone release, regulation of transcription, synaptic integration |
| Cav1.4 | L | Retina | Not established | Neurotransmitter release from rods and bipolar cells |
| Cav2.1 | P/Q | Nerve terminals and dendrites | ω-agatoxin IVA | Neurotransmitter release, dendritic Ca2+ transients |
| Cav2.2 | N | Nerve terminals and dendrites | ω-CTx-GVIA | Neurotransmitter release, dendritic Ca2+ transients |
| Cav2.3 | R | Neuronal cell bodies and dendrites | SNX-482 | Repetitive firing |
| Cav3.1 | T | Neuronal cell bodies and dendrites, cardiac myocytes | None | Pacemaking, repetitive firing |
| Cav3.2 | T | Neuronal cell bodies and dendrites, cardiac myocytes | None | Pacemaking, repetitive firing |
| Cav3.3 | T | Neuronal cell bodies and dendrites | None | Pacemaking, repetitive firing |