Potential therapeutic targets for melanocortin peptides based on preclinical studies
| Therapeutic target | Preclinical Model | Animal, Peptide | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute inflammation | |||
| Allergic inflammation | Contact sensitivity | Mouse, α-MSH | Robertson et al., 1988; Rheins et al., 1989; Hiltz and Lipton, 1990; Grabbe et al., 1996; Luger et al., 2000 |
| Gouty arthritis | Monosodium urate monohydrate crystals arthritis | Rat, ACTH, γ2-MSH | Getting et al., 2002 |
| Autoimmunity | |||
| Autoimmune uveoretinitis | Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis | Mouse, α-MSH | Taylor et al., 2000 |
| Chronic inflammation | |||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Adjuvant arthritis | Rat, α-MSH | Ceriani et al., 1994 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | Dextran sulfate-induced colitis | Mouse, α-MSH | Rajora et al., 1997b; Oktar et al., 2000 |
| Brain inflammation | |||
| Neurodegenerative disorders | LPS-induced brain inflammation | Mouse, α-MSH | Rajora et al., 1997a |
| Peripheral neuropathies | |||
| Nerve injury | Nerve crash | Rat, ACTH (1-39), ACTH (4-9) analog ORG2766, ACTH (4-10), α-MSH | Bijlsma et al., 1983; Van der Zee et al., 1988; van de Meent et al., 1997 |
| Toxic neuropathy | Cisplatin neurotoxicity | Rat, ORG2766 | Gerritsen van der Hoop et al., 1988 |
| Taxol neurotoxicity | Rat, ORG2766 | Gerritsen van der Hoop et al., 1994 | |
| Diabetic neuropathy | Streptozocin-induced diabetes | Rat, ORG2766 | Hamers et al., 1993; Van der Zee et al., 1989; Bravenboer et al., 1993 |
| Systemic host reactions | |||
| Septic shock | Cecal ligation and puncture | Mouse, α-MSH | Lipton et al., 1994 |
| Endotoxemia | Rat, HP-228 | Abou-Mohamed et al., 1995 | |
| Endotoxemia | Mouse, α-MSH | Delgado Hernandez et al., 1999 | |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | Intratracheal instillation of endotoxin | Rat, α-MSH | Lipton et al., 1994 |
| Hemorrhagic shock | Volume controlled hemorrhagic shock | Rat, ACTH-(1-24), ACTH-(1-18), ACTH-(1-17), ACTH-(1-16), NDP-α-MSH | Bertolini et al., 1986; Altavilla et al., 1998; Guarini et al., 1999 |
| Ischemia and reperfusion injury | Middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion | Mouse, α-MSH | Huang and Tatro, 2002 |
| Renal artery occlusion and reperfusion | Mouse, α-MSH | Chiao et al., 1997; Kwon et al., 2000 | |
| Ligature of the left anterior descending coronary artery | Rat, ACTH (1-24) α-MSH, γ1-MSH | Guarini et al., 2002 | |
| Mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion | Rat, α-MSH | Hassoun et al., 2002 | |
| Organ transplantation | Heterotopic heart transplantation | Rat, NDP-α-MSH | Gatti et al., 2002 |