Nonsynonymous adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and allele frequencies *
| Receptor | Amino Acid Change | Caucasian | African American | Asian | Hispanic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α1A-AR | Arg492Cys | 0.54a | 0.30a | 0.10b | |
| α2A-AR | Asn251Lys | 0.004c | 0.05c | ||
| α2B-AR | Glu-Glu-Glu, Del301-303 | 0.31d | 0.12d | ||
| α2C-AR | Gly-Ala-Gly-Pro, Del322-325 | 0.04e,f | 0.38-0.41e,f | ||
| β1-AR | Ser49Gly | 0.11-0.15** g,h,i,j | 0.13,0.29j,k | 0.15j | |
| Gly389Arg | 0.24-0.28f,i,j,l,m,n,o | 0.42-0.44f,j,n | 0.26-0.29j,n | 0.33n | |
| β2-AR | Gly16Arg | 0.51-0.66p,q | 0.51p | 0.41p | |
| Gln27Glu | 0.35p | 0.21p | 0.07p | ||
| Val34Met | 0.01r | ||||
| Thr164Ile | 0.05r | ||||
| β3-AR | Trp64Arg | 0.08s | 0.10-0.12s,t | 0.18u | 0.13-0.16s,v |
a (Xie et al., 1999a); b (Shibata et al., 1996); c (Small et al., 2000a); d (Small et al., 2001); e (Small et al., 2000b); f (Small et al., 2002); g (Wenzel et al., 2000); h (Borjesson et al., 2000); i (Maqbool et al., 1999); j (Moore et al., 1999); k (Johnson and Terra, 2002); l (Mason et al., 1999); m (Podlowski et al., 2000); n (Xie et al., 2001); o (Buscher et al., 2001); p (Xie et al., 1999b); q (Buscher et al., 2002); r (Reihsaus et al., 1993); s (Walston et al., 1995); t (Lowe et al., 2001); u (Kawamura et al., 2001); v (Corbalan et al., 2002b).
↵* Allelic frequencies are shown for the various adrenergic receptor subtypes. Data reported for subjects from the United States and Europe were assumed to represent Caucasian unless stated otherwise.
↵** Several studies cited detected the Ser49Gly variant at >10% allelic frequency, but Podlowski et al., (2000) did not detect this variant.