Summary of structural effects and neurofunctional sequelae of developmental exposures to psychotherapeutic drugs in animals and humans
| Animal | Human | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structural | Functional* | Structural | Functional | |
| Antipsychotics | ||||
| Typical | + | +++ | + | NI |
| Atypical | − | + | − | NI |
| Antiepileptics | ||||
| Valproic acid | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
| Phenytoin | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ |
| Phenobarbital | + | +++ | + | ++ |
| Carbamazepine | + | NI | +++ | + |
| New compounds | + | NI | + | NI |
| Anxiolytics/mood stabilizers | ||||
| Benzodiazepines | + | +++ | + | + |
| Lithium | ++ | + | +(+) | NI |
| Antidepressants | ||||
| Tricyclics/atypical | −/+ | +++ | −/+ | NI |
| MAO inhibitors | −/+ | ++ | −,NI | NI |
| SSRIs | − | + | − | −,NI |
| Novel compounds | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| Herbal remedies | ||||
| St. John's wort | − | + | NI | NI |
| Ginkgo | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| Kava | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| Valerian | −,NI | NI | NI | NI |
Symbols: −, no evidence of effects; −/+, contrasting evidence of effects; +, limited evidence of effects; ++, moderate evidence of effects; +++, strong evidence of effects; NI, none or little information available.
↵* Includes both neurochemical and behavioral effects.