TABLE 6

Effective concentrations of ryanodine in smooth muscle

Tissue Animal Species Experimental Details (Preparation; Measurement Method; Measured Response) Effective Concentrations of Ryanodine Reference
Airways Mouse Lung slices; Oregon Green cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy; [Ca2+]cyt imaging 200 μM Bergner and Sanderson, 2002
Airways Pig Isolated intact or β-escin-permeabilized cells; fluo-3 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy; [Ca2+]cyt 20 μM Pabelick et al., 2001a
Anococcygeus Mouse Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell patch-clamping; IDOC, ICl(Ca) 3 and 30 μM Wayman et al., 1997
Anococcygeus Mouse Isolated smooth muscle cells and whole tissue; whole-cell patch-clamping, isometric dynamometry; IDOC, ICl(Ca), contractile activity 3–30 μM Wayman et al., 1998
Aorta Rabbit Isolated intact or saponin-permeabilized smooth muscle cells; mag-fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry; [Ca2+]SR, [Ca2+]mito 20 μM Gurney et al., 2000
Aorta Rat Microsomes; 45Ca2+ loading; Ca2+ fluxes 30 nM ([3H]-ryanodine) Yusufi et al., 2002
Aorta Rat Isolated endothelium-denuded rings; isometric dynamometry; contractile activity 30 μM Low et al., 1993
Basilar artery Mouse Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell nystatin perforated patch-clamping; IBK 10 μM Lohn et al., 2001
Basilar artery Rabbit Isolated smooth muscle cells and endothelium-denuded strips; fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry, isometric dynamometry; [Ca2+]cyt, contractile activity 10 μM Szado et al., 2001
Cerebellar artery Rabbit Isolated endothelium-intact or -denuded strips; isometric dynamometry; contractile activity 10 μM Jewell et al., 2004
Cerebral artery Human Isolated smooth muscle cells; fluo-3 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy, isometric dynamometry; [Ca2+]cyt imaging, contractile activity 10 μM Wellman et al., 2002
Cerebral artery Mouse Isolated segments, phospholamban-knockout mice; fluo-3 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy; [Ca2+]cyt imaging 10 μM Wellman et al., 2001
Cerebral artery Rabbit Isolated endothelium-intact or -denuded strips; isometric dynamometry; contractile activity 10 μM Jewell et al., 2004
Cerebral artery Rat Isolated, cannulated and pressurized segments; fluo-3 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy, diameter monitoring by video microscopy; [Ca2+]cyt imaging, contractile activity 10 μM Jaggar, 2001
Colon Guinea pig Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell patch-clamping, fluo-3 cellular loading, epifluorescence microscopy; membrane currents, [Ca2+]cyt 50 μM Flynn et al., 2001
Colon Guinea pig Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell patch-clamping, fluo-3 or fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry; ICa, [Ca2+]cyt 50 μM Bradley et al., 2002
Colon Mouse Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell amphotericin B-perforated patch-clamping, fluo-3 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy; STOCs, [Ca2+]cyt imaging 10 μM Bayguinov et al., 2000
Colon (circular layer) Dog Isolated non-inflamed and inflamed saponin-permeabilized smooth muscle cells; fura-2 cellular loading or 45Ca2+ cellular loading, cell length monitoring by phase-contrast microscope; Ca2+ fluxes, [Ca2+]cyt, contractile activity 10 μM Shi and Sarna, 2000
Coronary artery Cattle Microsomal membranes, stripped or not of FKBP-12.6, reconstituted into planar lipid bilayer; patch-clamping, bilayer clamp amplification; open channel probability (path clamping), single Ca2+ release channel currents (bilayer clamp amplification) 0.1–50 μM Li et al., 2001
Coronary artery Cattle Isolated α-toxin-permeabilized smooth muscle cells; fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry; [Ca2+]cyt 10 μM Yu et al., 2000
Coronary artery Cattle Isolated cultured smooth muscle cells and microsomes, FKBP12.6-stripped; patch-clamping, bilayer clamp amplification; open channel probability (path clamping), single Ca2+ release channel currents (bilayer clamp amplification) 0.1 μM Tang et al., 2002
Coronary artery Cow Isolated smooth muscle cells, and cannulated and pressurized endothelium-denuded rings; fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry, diameter monitoring by video microscopy; [Ca2+]cyt, contractile activity 30 μM Ge et al., 2003
Coronary artery Human Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell nystatin perforated patch-clamping, fluo-3 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy; IK(Ca), [Ca2+]cyt imaging 50 μM Furstenau et al., 2000
Coronary artery Rabbit Isolated smooth muscle cells; fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry; [Ca2+]cyt 5 μM Kang et al., 2002
Esophagus Human Isolated smooth muscle cells and strips; fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry, cell length monitoring by phase-contrast microscopy; [Ca2+]cyt, contractile activity 1 μM Sims et al., 1997
Femoral artery Rat Isolated endothelium-denuded strips; fura-PE3 cellular loading, isometric dynamometry; [Ca2+]cyt, contractile activity 0.1–10 μM Asano and Nomura, 2001
Gall bladder Guinea pig Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell amphotericin B-perforated patch-clamping; IBK 10 μM Pozo et al., 2002
Ileum Guinea pig Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell and outside-out patch-clamping; IBK 10 μM Imaizumi et al., 1996
Irideal arterioles Rat Isolated, cannulated and pressurized segments; diameter monitoring by video microscopy; contractile activity 10 μM Haddock et al., 2002
Mesenteric arterioles Rat Isolated, cannulated and pressurized segments; fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry, diameter monitoring by video microscopy; [Ca2+]cyt, contractile activity 10 μM Watanabe et al., 1993
Mesenteric artery Dog Isolated endothelium-denuded rings; isometric dynamometry; contractile activity 30–100 μM Low et al., 1992
Mesenteric resistance arteries Rat Isolated 3rd-order branches; isometric dynamometry; contractile activity 20 μM Rubio et al., 2002
Mesenteric resistance arteries Rat Isolated smooth muscle cells; fluo-4 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy; [Ca2+]cyt imaging 10 μM Zang et al., 2001
Mesenteric resistance arteries Rat Isolated endothelium-denuded strips; isometric dynamometry; contractile activity 10 μM Lagaud et al., 1999
Mesenteric resistance arteries Rat Isolated, cannulated and pressurized endothelium-intact or -denuded segments isolated from 3rd- and 4th-order branches; fluo-4 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy, isotonic dynamometry; [Ca2+]cyt imaging, contractile activity 40 μM Lamont and Wier, 2004 [in press]
Mesenteric resistance arteries Rat Isolated, cannulated and pressurized vessels isolated from 5th-order branches; diameter monitoring by video microscopy; contractile activity 10 μM Giulumian et al., 2000
Portal vein Rabbit Isolated smooth muscle cells; fluo-4 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy; [Ca2+]cyt imaging 1 μM Gordienko et al., 2001
Pulmonary artery Cattle Microsomes; extramicrosomal fluo-3 and fluorometry or 45Ca2+ loading; Ca2+ fluxes 10 nM–750 μM Stout et al., 2002
Pulmonary artery Rabbit Isolated smooth muscle cells and endothelium-denuded strips; fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry, isometric dynamometry; [Ca2+]cyt, contractile activity 10 μM Dipp et al., 2001
Pulmonary artery Rat Physiological salt solution-perfused lungs; perfusion pressure; vascular bed resistance 10–300 μM Morio and McMurtry, 2002
Pulmonary resistance arteries Dog Smooth muscle cells isolated from 3rd- and 4th-order branches; fura-2 and fluo-3 or fluo-4 cellular loading, fluorometry (fura-2), confocal fluorescence microscopy (fluo-3 and fluo-4); [Ca2+]cyt imaging 10–300 μM Janiak et al., 2001
Pulmonary resistance arteries Rabbit Isolated saponin-permeabilized smooth muscle cells; whole-cell patch-clamping; membrane potential 10 μM Wilson et al., 2001
Pulmonary resistance arteries Rat Isolated endothelium-denuded rings; isometric dynamometry; contractile activity 10 μM Dipp and Evans, 2001
Renal pelvis Guinea pig Isolated urothelium-denuded strips; microelectrode, isometric dynamometry; membrane potential, contractile activity 30 μM Lang et al., 2002
Renal resistance arteries Dog Smooth muscle cells isolated from 3rd- and 4th-order branches; fura-2 and fluo-3 or fluo-4 cellular loading, fluorometry, confocal fluorescence microscopy; [Ca2+]cyt imaging 10–300 μM Janiak et al., 2001
Skeletal muscle arterioles Rat Isolated, cannulated and pressurized segments; fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry, diameter monitoring by video microscopy; [Ca2+]cyt, contractile activity 10 μM Watanabe et al., 1993
Small intestine Mouse Isolated segments; microelectrode; slow wave frequency 50 μM Malysz et al., 2001
Stomach Guinea pig Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell patch-clamping; IK(Ca) 10 μM Duridanova et al., 1996
Stomach Mouse Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell patch-clamping, fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry; ICch, STOCS, [Ca2+]cyt 1 μM Tokutomi et al., 2001
Stomach Rat Isolated smooth muscle cells; microelectrode, fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry; ICa, [Ca2+]cyt 10 μM White and McGeown, 2000
Stomach (antrum) Cattle Microsomes; extramicrosomal fluo-3 and fluorometry or 45Ca2+ loading; Ca2+ fluxes 10 nM–750 μM Stout et al., 2002
Stomach (antrum, circular layer) Guinea pig Isolated smooth muscle bundles; microelectrode, fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry; membrane potential, [Ca2+]cyt 10 μM Fukuta et al., 2002
Taenia coli Guinea pig Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell amphotericin B-perforated patch-clamping; STOCs 10 μM Kong et al., 2000
Tail artery Rat Isolated freshly or cultured endothelium-denuded rings; fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry, isometric dynamometry; [Ca2+]cyt, contractile activity 10 μM Dreja et al., 2001
Testicular peritubules Rat Isolated saponin-permeabilized smooth muscle cells; fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry; [Ca2+]cyt 5 μM Barone et al., 2002
Trachea Cat Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell nystatin perforated patch-clamping; ICch 4 μM Waniishi et al., 1998
Trachea Cattle Isolated smooth muscle cells and strips; fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry, isometric dynamometry; [Ca2+]cyt, contractile activity 30 μM Tao et al., 2000
Trachea Dog Isolated cultured smooth muscle cells; fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry; [Ca2+]cyt 50 μM Mitchell et al., 2000
Trachea Rabbit Isolated α-toxin-permeabilized strips; isometric dynamometry; contractile activity 30 μM Iizuka et al., 1998
Ureter Guinea pig Isolated α-toxin- or β-escin-permeabilized strips; isometric dynamometry; contractile activity 10 μM Burdyga et al., 1998
Ureter Rat Isolated smooth muscle cells; fluo-4 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy; [Ca2+]cyt imaging 50 μM Burdyga et al., 2003
Ureter Rat Isolated smooth muscle cells; fluo-3 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy; [Ca2+]cyt imaging 10 μM Boittin et al., 2000
Ureter Rat Isolated α-toxin- or β-escin-permeabilized strips; isometric dynamometry; contractile activity 10 μM Burdyga et al., 1998
Urinary bladder Guinea pig Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell amphotericin B-perforated patch-clamping; IBK, ISK, ICa 10 μM Herrera and Nelson, 2002
Urinary bladder Guinea pig Isolated smooth muscle cells; fura-2 cellular loading, fluorometry; [Ca2+]cyt 10 μM Rueda et al., 2002b
Urinary bladder Guinea pig Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell and outside-out patch-clamping; IBK 10 μM Imaizumi et al., 1996
Urinary bladder Guinea pig Isolated smooth muscle cells; whole-cell amphotericin B-perforated patch-clamping, fluo-3 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy; IBK, [Ca2+]cyt imaging 10 μM Herrera et al., 2001
Urinary bladder Mouse Isolated smooth muscle cells; fluo-4 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy; [Ca2+]cyt imaging 10 μM Ji et al., 2002
Uterus Human Isolated myometrial strips; indo-1 cellular loading, fluorometry, isometric dynamometry; [Ca2+]cyt, contractile activity 50 μM Kupittayanant et al., 2002
Vas deferens Guinea pig Isolated smooth muscle cells; fluo-4 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy; local [Ca2+]cyt imaging 100 μM White and McGeown, 2003
Vena cava (inferior) Rabbit Isolated smooth muscle cells, fluo-3 cellular loading, confocal fluorescence microscopy; local [Ca2+]cyt imaging 100 μM Ruehlmann et al., 2000