Human ALX signal transduction during LXA4 and ATL activation The arrows indicate either increased (↑) or decreased (↓) activity.
| Cell Type | G Protein Class | LXA4 and ATL-Evoked Signals | Kinase Associated | Gene Expression | Up-Regulated by | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human HL-60 (differentiated) | Gi | ↑ PLD activation | Protein kinase C | Retinoic acid, DMSO, PMA | Fiore et al. (1993) | |
| Human PMN | Gi | ↑ PLD activation; ↑ arachidonic acid release; ↑ PSDP; ↓ phosphorylation of LSP-1; no increase of cAMP, proton efflux, and [Ca2+]i | Tyrosine kinase; P38-MAPK | ↑ NAB1; ↓ IL-8, AP-1, NF-κB | Nigam et al. (1990); Fiore et al. (1992); Levy et al. (1999); Qiu et al. (2001); Ohira et al. 2004) | |
| Human monocyte | Gi | ↑ [Ca2+]i; no increase of cAMP and proton efflux | Maddox et al. (1997) | |||
| Human T cells | ↓ ERK activation | Ariel et al. (2003) | ||||
| Human enterocyte | No proton efflux | ↓ IL-8; ↓ NF-κB | IL-13, IL-4, interferon-γ | Gronert et al. (1998); Gewirtz et al. (2002); Kucharzik et al. (2003) | ||
| Human synovial fibroblast | ↑ PLD activation; ↓ NF-κB binding | ↑ TIMP-1 and TIMP-2; ↓ IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, MMP-3 | IL-1β, TGF-β | Sodin-Semrl et al. (2004a,b) | ||
| CHO expressing human ALX | Gi | ↑ arachidonic acid release; no increase of cAMP and [Ca2+]i | Fiore et al. (1994); Sodin-Semrl et al. (2004b) | |||
| HEK293 expressing ALX | ↓ NF-κB activity | Devchand et al. (2003) |
DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β