Matrix to evaluate biomarkers using the criteria for surrogacy of Boissel et al. (1992) as modified by Espeland et al. (2005)
| Criteria | QCA | cIMT | IVUS | CRP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B1: Efficiency | ||||
| Easy to measure | ? | √ | √ | √ |
| Precedes the standard | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| Quicker, easier (noninvasive) | — | √ | — | √ |
| B2: Linkage | ||||
| Quantitative and qualitative relationship based on epidemiologic and clinical trials | √ | √ | √ | ? |
| Relationship understood via pathophysiology | √ | √ | √ | ? |
| B3: Congruency | ||||
| Parallel estimates of risk | √ | √ | √ | ? |
| Different with/without disease | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| Intervention trials show clinical benefit from Δ surrogate | √ | √ | ? | ? |
√, yes; –, no; ?, questionable