TABLE 1

Molecular targets of adjudin in the adult rat testis Many of the results summarized in this table have been validated in a recent article (Xia et al., 2007) using gene profiling to identify genes in which the steady-state levels changed during adjudin-mediated germ cell loss from the seminiferous epithelium. Readers are encouraged to refer to the original research articles and to the Gene express Omnibus Data Responsitory website (http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/geo) for additional information.

Junction type	Effects on Target Protein						Reference(s)
Junction type	Integral Membrane Protein	Adaptor	Kinase	GTPase	Signaling Protein	Proteases and Protease Inhibitors	Reference(s)
Apical ectoplasmic specialization					Testin ↑		Cheng et al., 2001; Grima et al., 2001
	β1-Integrin ↑	p130Cas ↑; Paxillin ↑	PI-3K ↑; p-FAK ↑				Siu et al., 2003
			GSK⇄; p-GSK ↑; p-PKG ↑; PAK ↓		ERK⇄; p-ERK ↑; PLCγ ↓		Siu et al., 2005
				Rab8B ↓			Lau and Mruk, 2003
				Rab4A ↑			Mruk et al., 2007
	β2-Integrin ↑		ROCK1 ↑; LIMK1 ↑	RhoB ↑			Lui et al., 2003
	E-Cadherin ↑						Lee et al., 2003
	Nectin-3 ↓	Afadin ↓					Lee et al., 2004
			Fer kinase ↑				Chen et al., 2003b
					Laminin γ3 ↓	MMP-2 ↑; TIMP-2 ↑	Siu and Cheng, 2004b
			c-Src ↑; Csk ↑; CSK2⇄				Lee and Cheng, 2005
Basal ectoplasmic specialization	N-Cadherin ↑	α-Catenin ↑; β-Catenin ↑; p120 Catenin ↑					Chen et al., 2003b; Lee et al., 2003; Yan and Cheng, 2005
	N-Cadherin ↑		PKG ↑		sGC ↑		Sarkar et al., 2006
	N-Cadherin ↑	WASP ↓; Axin ↓; Zyxin ↓					Lee et al., 2004
			PKG ↑; PKA ↓		NOS-2 ↑; NOS-3⇄		Lee et al., 2005
			ERK⇄; p-ERK ↑; p38⇄; p-p38⇄		TGF-β3 ↑		Xia and Cheng, 2005
		CD2AP ↓; TAB1 ↓					Xia et al., 2006a
Tight junction	Occludin ↑	ZO-1 ↑					Mruk and Cheng, 2004b
	JAM-A ↑						Yan and Cheng, 2005
	Occludin ↑	ZO-1 ↑; Dynamin-2 ↓					Lie et al., 2006
	Claudin-3 ↑				Testin ↑	α₂-MG ↑; Cathepsin L ↑	Xia et al., 2007

↑, up-regulation; ↓, down-regulation; ⇄, no change; BTB, blood-testis barrier; CD2AP, CD2-associated protein; CK2, casein kinase 2; Csk, carboxyl-terminal Src kinase; p-ERK, phosphorylated (activated) ERK; GSK, glycogen synthase kinase; p-GSK, phosphorylated GSK; JAM, junctional adhesion molecule; LIMK1, lin-11 isl-1 mec3 kinase 1; p38, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; p-p38, phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; α₂-MG, α₂-macroglobulin; MMP-2, matrix metalloprotease-2; NOS, nitric-oxide synthase; p130Cas, Crk-associated protein (a 130-kDa protein encoded by Crkas gene); PAK, p21-activated kinase; PKB, protein kinase B; PKG, protein kinase G; PLCγ, phospholipase C γ; ROCK1, Rho-associated protein kinase 1; Src, a protein tyrosine kinase of the transforming gene of the Rous sarcoma virus; TAB1, TAK1-binding protein 1; TAK1, TGF-β activating kinase; TIMP-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-2