Structures | PAC1–R | VPAC1–R | VPAC2–R | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Telencephalon | ||||
Olfactory bulb | +++ | + | + | Hashimoto et al., 1993; Lutz et al., 1993; Usdin et al., 1994; Jaworski and Proctor, 2000 |
Anterior olfactory nucleus | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Glomerular layer | +++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a; Zhou et al., 1999a | ||
Internal granular layer | +++ | – | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a |
Mitral cell layer | –/++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a; Zhou et al., 1999a, 2000 | ||
Olfactory tubercle | ++/+++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Cerebral cortex | ++ | –/+ | Ishihara et al., 1992; Lutz et al., 1993; Usdin et al., 1994 | |
Cingulate cortex | ++/+++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a; Zhou et al., 1999a | ||
Entorhinal cortex | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a; Zhou et al., 1999a | ||
Frontal cortex | + | Shioda et al., 1997a, 1999a | ||
Parietal cortex | + | Shioda et al., 1997a, 1999a | ||
Piriform cortex | +++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Astrocytes (during astrogliosis) | ++ | Suzuki et al., 2003 | ||
Pyramidal cells | ++ | Zhou et al., 2000 | ||
Septum | ||||
Dorsal septal nucleus | + | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Lateral septal nucleus | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Medial septal nucleus | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Basal ganglia | ||||
Accumbens nucleus | ++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Amygdaloid complex | ||||
Basal lateral nucleus | –/++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Central nucleus | ++ | – | +++ | Hashimoto et al., 1993; Usdin et al., 1994; Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a |
Medial nucleus | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Posteromedial cortical nucleus | ++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Hippocampus | +++ | + | Ishihara et al., 1992; Lutz et al., 1993; Usdin et al., 1994 | |
CA1–3, pyramidal cells | –/++ | ++ | + | Hashimoto et al., 1993; Sheward et al., 1995; Hashimoto et al., 1996b; Shioda et al., 1997a; Zhou et al., 1999a, 2000 |
CA1–3, nonpyramidal cells | +/+++ | ++ | + | Sheward et al., 1995; Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a |
Dentate gyrus | +++ | ++ | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1993, 1996b; Lutz et al., 1993; Sheward et al., 1995; Shioda et al., 1997a; Zhou et al., 1999a; Jaworski and Proctor, 2000 |
Diagonal band of Broca | ++ | ++ | Usdin et al., 1994; Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | |
Diencephalon | ||||
Epithalamus | ||||
Lateral habenular nucleus | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Medial habenular nucleus | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Pineal gland | –/+ | +/++ | –/++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Olcese et al., 1996; Simonneaux et al., 1998 |
Subthalamus | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a | ||
Zona incerta | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Thalamus | ++ | – | ++ | Usdin et al., 1994; Zhou et al., 2000 |
Centrolateral nucleus | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Centromedial nucleus | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Intermediodorsal nucleus | ++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Mediodorsal nucleus | +/++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Paracentral nucleus | ++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Parafascicular nucleus | + | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Paraventricular nucleus | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a | ||
Reuniens nucleus | + | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Rhomboid nucleus | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Ventral posterolateral nucleus | + | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Ventromedial nucleus | ++ | + | – | Usdin et al., 1994; Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a |
Hypothalamus | ++ | – | ++ | Usdin et al., 1994; Zhou et al., 2000 |
Arcuate nucleus | ++ | – | + | Usdin et al., 1994; Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a |
Dorsomedial nucleus | ++ | – | ++ | Usdin et al., 1994; Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a |
Lateral hypothalamic area | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Medial mammillary nucleus | + | – | ++ | Usdin et al., 1994; Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a |
Paraventricular nucleus | +++ | – | ++ | Usdin et al., 1994; Sheward et al., 1995; Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a |
Preoptic nucleus | ++/+++ | – | + | Usdin et al., 1994; Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a |
Supramammillary nucleus | ++ | – | ++ | Usdin et al., 1994; Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a |
Supraoptic nucleus | ++/+++ | – | + | Usdin et al., 1994; Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a; Cagampang et al., 1998 |
Ventromedial nucleus | ++/+++ | – | –/++ | Usdin et al., 1994; Sheward et al., 1995; Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a |
Suprachiasmatic nucleus | ++ | – | +/++ | Usdin et al., 1994; Sheward et al., 1995; Shioda et al., 1997a; Cagampang et al., 1998; Shinohara et al., 1999 |
Mesencephalon | ||||
Dorsal tegmental nucleus | ++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Inferior colliculus | +/++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Interpeduncular nucleus, lateral part | ++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus | + | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Oculomotor nucleus | + | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Raphe nuclei | +/++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Substantia nigra | +/++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Superior colliculus | ++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Metencephalon | ||||
Cerebellum | ||||
Purkinje cells | –/+++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a; Zhou et al., 1999a, 2000 | ||
Granular layers | +++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a; Zhou et al., 1999a; Basille et al., 2000a | ||
Cerebellar nuclei | –/+ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Myelencephalon | ||||
Brainstem | ++ | Usdin et al., 1994 | ||
Abducens nucleus | +/++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Ambiguus nucleus | + | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Area postrema | +++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Cochlear nuclei | ++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Facial nucleus | ++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Hypoglossal nucleus | +++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Lateral parabrachial nucleus | ++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus | ++/+++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Locus coeruleus | ++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Nuclei of the trigeminal complex | ++ | Sheward et al., 1995; Hashimoto et al., 1996a | ||
Nucleus of the solitary tract | ++ | +++ | Usdin et al., 1994; Shioda et al., 1997a | |
Pedunculopontine | –/++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Periolivary region | ++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Pontine nuclei | ++/+++ | – | +++ | Hashimoto et al., 1996a; Shioda et al., 1997a |
Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus | + | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Raphe nuclei | ++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Spinal trigeminal nucleus | ++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Vagal complex | +++ | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Vestibular nuclei | + | Shioda et al., 1997a | ||
Spinal cord | ||||
Motor neurons | +++ | +++ | Zhou et al., 1999b, 2001 |
The symbols provide a semi-quantitative evaluation of the density of PAC1-R, VPAC1-R, and VPAC2-R mRNA: +++, high density; ++, moderate density; +, low density; –, no hybridization.