TABLE 5

Antiepileptogenic and disease-modifying drug effects in chronic rat models of epilepsy and post-traumatic epilepsy trials in humans

Data for animal models are from Tables 1 and 2. Data for post-traumatic epilepsy are from Temkin (2009).

Drug	Electrical Kindling		Post-SE Models of TLE		Post-Traumatic Epilepsy in Patients
Drug	Retardation of Kindling during Treatment	Disease Modification after Termination of Treatment	Prevention of Epilepsy	Disease Modification after Termination of Treatment	Prevention of Epilepsy	Disease-Modification
Carbamazepine	N.E.	N.E.	N.E.	+	N.E.	?
Phenytoin	N.E.	N.E.	N.E.	+	N.E.	?
Phenobarbital	+	+	N.E.	+/−	N.E.	?
Valproate	+	+	N.E.	+	N.E.	N.E.
Levetiracetam	+	+	N.E.	+/−	?	?
Topiramate	+	?	+/−	+/−	?	?
Benzodiazepines	+	?	N.E.	+	?	?
Vigabatrin	+	?	N.E.	N.E.	?	?
Lamotrigine	+	N.E.	N.E.	+	?	?
NMDA antagonists	+	?	N.E.	+	?	?

+, effective; +/−, inconsistent data; N.E., not effective; ?, no data available.