TABLE 8

α-Conotoxins inhibiting nAChRs (loop formula C0C3–4C3–7C, excluding 3 + disulfide bonded and framework XIV α-conotoxins)

Cysteines are bolded and aligned separately for the different α-conotoxin classes.

Species	Diet	Name	Sequence (Disulfide Bonded 1–3/2–4)	nAChR select	References
Species	Diet	Name	1234	nAChR select	References
C. achatinus	P	α-Ac1.1a	-NGRCC-HPAC--GKHFNC^*	Muscle nAChR	Liu et al., 2007b
		α-Ac1.1b	-NGRCC-HPAC--GKHFSC^*	Muscle nAChR	Liu et al., 2007b
C. anemone	V	α-AnIA	----CCSHPACAANNQDyC^*	α3β2	Loughnan et al., 2004
		α-AnIB	--GGCCSHPACAANNQDyC^*	α3β2 > α7	Loughnan et al., 2004
C. arenatus	V	α-ArIA	IRDECCSNPACRVNNPHVCRRR	α7 ∼ α3β2	Whiteaker et al., 2007
		α-ArIB	--DECCSNPACRVNNPHVCRRR	α7 > α3β2	Whiteaker et al., 2007
C. aulicus	M	α-AuIA	---GCCSYPPCFATNSDYC^*	α3β4	Luo et al., 1998
		α-AuIB	---GCCSYPPC-FATNPDC^*	α3β4 > α7	Luo et al., 1998
		α-AuIC	---GCCSYPPCFATNSGYC^*	α3β4	Luo et al., 1998
C. bullatus	P	α-BuIA	---GCCSTPPC---AVLYC^*	α6α3β2 > α6α3β4 > α3β2	Azam et al., 2005
C. consors	P	α-CnIA	--GRCC-HPAC--GKYYSC^*	Muscle nAChR	Favreau et al., 1999
C. ermineus	P	α-EI	-RDOCCYHPTCNMSNPQIC^*	Muscle nAChR (α/δ > α/γ)	Martinez et al., 1995
C. episcopatus	M	α-EpI	---GCCSDPRCNMNNPDyC^*	α7	Loughnan et al., 1998; Nicke et al., 2003b
C. geographus	P	α-GI	---ECC-NPAC--GRHYSC^*	Muscle nAChR	Gray et al., 1981
		α-GIA	---ECC-NPAC--GRHYSCGK	Muscle nAChR	Gray et al., 1981
		α-GIC	---GCCSHPACAGNNQHIC^*	α3β2 > α4β2	McIntosh et al., 2002
		α-GID	IRDγCCSNPACRVNNOHVC	α7 ∼ α3β2 > α4β2	Nicke et al., 2003a
		α-GII	---ECC-HPACG--KHFSC^*	Muscle nAChR	Gray et al., 1981
C. imperialis	V	α-ImI	---GCCSDPRC-AWR---C^*	α3β2 > α7 > α9	McIntosh et al., 1994; Ellison et al., 2004
		α-ImII	---ACCSDRRC-RWR---C^*	α7, noncompetitive	Ellison et al., 2004
C. leopardus	V	α-Lp1.1	---GCCARAACAGIHQELC^*	α3β2 > α6α3β2	Peng et al., 2008
C. litteratus	V	α-LtIA	---GCCARAACAGIHQELC^*	α3β2 > α6α3β2β3	Luo et al., 2010
C. magus	P	α-MI	--GRCC-HPAC--GKNYSC^*	Muscle nAChR	McIntosh et al., 1982
		α-MII	---GCCSNPVCHLEHSNLC^*	α6α3β2β3 > α3β2 > α7	Cartier et al., 1996
C. omaria	M	α-OmIA	---GCCSHPACNVNNPHICG^*	α3β2 > α7	Talley et al., 2006
C. pergrandis	V	α-PeIA	---GCCSHPACSVNHPELC^*	α9/α10 > α3β2 > α3β4	McIntosh et al., 2005
C. purpurascens	P	α-PIA	-RDPCCSNPVCTVHNPQIC^*	α6α3β2	Dowell et al., 2003
		α-PIB	ZSOGCCWNPACVKNR---C^*	Muscle	López-Vera et al., 2007b
C. pennaceus	M	α-PnIA	---GCCSLPPCAANNPDyC^*	α3β2 > α7	Fainzilber et al., 1994a
		α-PnIB	---GCCSLPPCALSNPDyC^*	α7 > α3β2	Fainzilber et al., 1994a
C. quercinus	V	α-Qc1.2	---QCCANPPCKHVN---C^*	α3β2, α3β4	Peng et al., 2009
C. regius	V	α-Reg1b/c	---GCCSDORCKHQ----C^*	N.D.	Franco et al., 2006
		α-Reg1d	---GCCSDPRCKHE----C^*	N.D.	Franco et al., 2006
		α-Reg1e	---GCCSDORCRYR----C^*	N.D.	Franco et al., 2006
		α-Reg1f	--DYCCRROOCTLI----C^*	N.D.	Franco et al., 2006
		α-Reg2a	---GCCSHPACNVNNPHIC^*	N.D.	Franco et al., 2006
		α-RgIA	---GCCSDPRCRYR----CR	α9/α10	Ellison et al., 2006
C. striatus	P	α-SI	---ICC-NPAC-GPKYS-C^*	Muscle nAChR	Zafaralla et al., 1988
		α-SIA	---YCC-HPAC-GKNFD-C^*	Muscle nAChR	Myers et al., 1991
C. spurius	V	α-SrIA	--RTCCSROTCRMγYPγLCG^*	Muscle/α4β2	López-Vera et al., 2007a
		α-SrIB	--RTCCSROTCRMEYPγLCG^*	Muscle/α4β2	López-Vera et al., 2007a
C. tinianus	V	α-TiIA	--GGCCSHPAC-QNNPDyC^*	Neuronal nAChR	Kauferstein et al., 2011
C. textile	M	α-TxIA	---GCCSRPPCIANNPDLC	α3β2 > α7	Dutertre et al., 2007
C. victoriae	M	α-VcIA	---GCCSDPRCNYDHPEIC^*		Sandall et al., 2003; Vincler et al., 2006
C. striatus	P	α-SII	---GCCCNPACGPNYG--CGTSCS	Muscle nAChR	Ramilo et al., 1992
C. ermineus	P	αA-EIVA	---GCCGPYONAACHOCGCKVGROOYCDROSGG^*	Muscle nAChR	Jacobsen et al., 1997
		αA-EIVB	---GCCGKYONAACHOCGCTVGROOYCDROSGG^*	Muscle nAChR	Jacobsen et al., 1997
C. obscurus	P	αA-OIVA	----CCG-VONAACHOCVCKNT----C^*	Muscle nAChR	Teichert et al., 2004
		αA-OIVB	----CCG-VONAACPOCVCNKT----CG^*	Fetal > adult muscle nAChR	Teichert et al., 2005b
C. pergrandis	V	αA-PeIVA	----CCG-VONAACHOCVCTGK----C	Fetal > adult muscle	Teichert et al., 2006
		αA-PeIVB	----CCG-IONAACHOCVCTGK----C	Fetal > adult muscle	Teichert et al., 2006
C. purpurascens	P	αA-PIVA	---GCCGSYONAACHOCSCKDROS-YCGQ^*	Muscle nAChR	Hopkins et al., 1995
		ψ-PIIIE	-HOOCCLYGKCRRYOGCSSAS-----CCQR^*	Muscle, noncompetitive	Shon et al., 1997
		ψ-PIIIF	-GOOCCLYGSCROFOGCYNAL-----CCRK^*	Muscle, noncompetitive	Van Wagoner et al., 2003
C. litteratus	V	αL-LtXIVA	-----MCPPLCKPS-------CTNC^*	Neuronal nAChR	Peng et al., 2006
C. planorbis	V	αJ-PlXIVA	FPRPRICNLACRAGIGHKYPFCHCR^*	Muscle > α3β2	Imperial et al., 2006
C. radiatus	P	αS-RVIIIA	KCNFDKCKGTGVYNCGγSCSCγGLHSCRCTYNIGSMKSGCACICTYY	Muscle and neuronal nAChR	Teichert et al., 2005a
C. parius	P	ψ-PrIIIE	-AARCCTYHGSCLKEKCRRKYCC^*	Adult > fetal muscle nAChR	Lluisma et al., 2008
C. vexillum	V	αD-VxXXA	DVQDCQVSTOGSKWGRCCLNRVCGPMCCPASHCYCVYHRGRGHGCSC (dimer)	N.D.	Loughnan et al., 2006
		αD-VxXXB	DDγSγCIINTRDSPWGRCCRTRMCGSMCCPRNGCTCVYHWRRGHGCSCPG (dimer)	α7 > α3β2	Loughnan et al., 2006
		αD-VxXXC	DLRQCTRNAPGSTWGRCCLNPMCGNFCCPRSGCTCAYNWRRGIYCSC (dimer)	N.D.	Loughnan et al., 2006

P, fish; M, molluscs; V, worms;
↵* , C-terminal amidation; N.D., not determined.