TABLE 2

Clinical potential and representative sequences of major conotoxin classes defined by pharmacology

Cysteines involved in disulfide bonds (underlined) connect in discrete overlapping patterns depending on sequence (see Tables 4, 5, 7–9, and 11).

Class	Mode of Action	Name	Sequence	Clinical Potential
ω	Ca_v2.2 inhibitor	MVIIA	CKGKGAKCSRLMYDCCTGSCRSGKC^*	Pain (intrathecal; phase IV)
μ	Na_v inhibitor	SIIIA	ZNCCNGGCSSKWCRDHARCC^*	Pain (intravenous)
μO	Na_v1.8 inhibitor	MrVIB	ACSKKWEYCIVPIIGFIYCCPGLICGPFVCV	Pain (intrathecal/intravenous)
δ	Na_v enhancer	EVIA	DDCIKOYGFCSLPILKNGLCCSGACVGVCADL^*	?
κ	K_v inhibitor	PVIIA	CRIONQKCFQHLDDCCSRKCNNRFNKCV	Cardiac reperfusion
χ	NET inhibitor	Xen2174	ZGVCCGYKLCHOC	Pain (intrathecal; phase II)
α	nAChR inhibitor	Vc1.1	GCCSDPRCNYDHPEIC^*	Pain (intravenous)^{^a}
σ	5HT₃ receptor	GVIIIA	GCTRTCGGOKCTGTCTCTNSSKCGCRYNVHPSGBGCGCACS^*	?
ρ	α₁-Adrenoceptor inhibitor	TIA	FNWRCCLIPACRRNHKKFC^*	Cardiovascular/BPH
Conantokin	NMDA-R antagonist	Con-G	GEγγLQγNQγLIRγKSN	Pain/epilepsy (intrathecal)^{^a}
Conopressin	Vasopressin-R agonist	Cono-G	CFIRNCPKG^*	Cardiovascular/mood
Contulakin	Neurotensin-R agonist	Cont-G	ZSEEGGSNAtKKPYIlL	Pain (intrathecal)^{^a}