Adrenergic | | |
NE | Differentiation of neural progenitors | Kärkkäinen et al., 2009 |
| ↑ SGZ neurogenesis | Malberg et al., 2000 |
| Granule cell survival & differentiation | Rizk et al., 2006 |
| Olfactory neuron survival | Bauer et al., 2003; Veyrac et al., 2005 |
| SGZ progenitor self-renewal & pluripotency | Jhaveri et al., 2010 |
| SGZ proliferation but not survival | Kulkarni et al., 2002 |
α1A-AR | ↑ Neurogenesis & gliogenesis in vivo | Gupta et al., 2009 |
| Expressed in NSCs/TAPs | Gupta et al., 2009 |
Cirazoline | ↑ BrdU SVZ and SGZ | Gupta et al., 2009 |
Phenylephrine | ↑ Gliogenesis in neurospheres | Gupta et al., 2009 |
α2-AR | ↓ SGZ proliferation | Yanpallewar et al., 2010 |
Dexefaroxan | ↑ SGZ progenitor survival | Rizk et al., 2006 |
β3-AR | Agonism ↑ nestin/GFAP precursors | Jhaveri et al., 2010 |
Cannabinoid | | |
Anandamide | ↑ Glial, then neuronal differentiation | Soltys et al., 2010 |
| ↓ SGZ neurogenesis through Rap/Raf/ERK | Rueda et al., 2002 |
CB1/CB2 | ↑ Proliferation of SGZ cultures | Aguado et al., 2005; Jiang et al., 2005; Palazuelos et al., 2006; Goncalves et al., 2008 |
CB1 | ↑ SVZ & SGZ neurogenesis | Jin et al., 2004b |
| Expressed in radial glia, NSCs | Aguado et al., 2005, 2006; Mulder et al., 2008 |
| ↑ Astrogliogenesis | Aguado et al., 2006 |
| ↑ Oligodendrogenesis | Arévalo-Martín et al., 2007 |
CB2 | ↑ Polysialylated NCAM through PI3K survival | Molina-Holgado et al., 2002 |
Chemokine | | |
SDF-1 | ↑ Migration & differentiation through matrix metalloproteases | Barkho et al., 2008 |
| Expressed in SGZ progenitors with CXCR4 | Banisadr et al., 2003; Lu et al., 2002; Bhattacharyya et al., 2008 |
| Promotes quiescence by ↓ growth | Krathwohl and Kaiser, 2004 |
| Promotes proliferation through PI3K/ERK | Gong et al., 2006 |
CXCR4 | In human progenitors affecting survival | Khan et al., 2003; Wu et al., 2009; |
Dopamine | | |
D1-/D2-like | Expressed in SVZ-derived neurospheres | Coronas et al., 2004 |
D2-like | ↑ SVZ proliferation of precursors | Höglinger et al., 2004; Van Kampen et al., 2004; Van Kampen and Robertson, 2005 |
Quinpirole | ↑ Neurogenesis through CNTF | Yang et al., 2008 |
D3 | Expressed in SVZ | Diaz et al., 1997; Van Kampen et al., 2004 |
| Expressed in TAP cells but not NSCs | Kim et al., 2010 |
| ↑ Olfactory progenitor proliferation | Höglinger et al., 2004 |
Dopamine | ↑ SVZ & SGZ neurogenesis | Winner et al., 2006 |
| ↑ Proliferation of neural progenitors | Baker et al., 2004 |
| ↑ SVZ proliferation via EGF | O'Keeffe et al., 2009b |
Glutamate | | |
mGlu 3/4/5 | Expressed in NSCs | Canudas et al., 2004; Di Giorgi Gerevini et al., 2004; Di Giorgi-Gerevini et al., 2005 |
mGlu1 | ↑ SGZ proliferation | Baskys et al, 2005 |
mGlu 2/3 | ↑ NPC proliferation and survival | Di Giorgi-Gerevini et al., 2005 |
| ↓ Proliferation in vivo | Yoshimizu and Chaki, 2004 |
mGlu3 | ↓ Astrocyte differentiation via BMP | Ciceroni et al., 2010 |
mGlu5 | ↑ Neurogenesis | Di Giorgi-Gerevini et al., 2005 |
Lysophosphatidic acid & sphingosine 1-phosphate | | |
LPA1 | ↑ Neuron proliferation, differentiation & survival | Matas-Rico et al., 2008 |
LPA1–3 | ↑ NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation | Svetlov et al., 2004 |
| Expressed & proliferates hESC-derived NSCs | Harada et al., 2004; Dottori et al., 2008 |
LPA5>1–3 | Expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitors | Dawson et al., 2003; Jaillard et al., 2005 |
| | Terai et al., 2003; Novgorodov et al., 2007 |
LPA, S1P | ↓ Oligodendrocyte maturation | Dawson et al., 2003; Jaillard et al., 2005 |
S1P1 | ↑ Oligodendrocyte proliferation & survival | Saini et al., 2004, 2005; Coelho et al., 2007; Miron et al., 2008 |
S1P5 | ↓ Oligodendrocyte migration | Novgorodov et al., 2007; Coelho et al., 2007; Miron et al., 2008 |
Melatonin | | |
MT | ↑ SGZ neuronal differentiation & survival | Ramírez-Rodríguez et al., 2009; Rennie et al., 2009 |
| ↑ Neuritogenesis & dendritogenesis | Ramirez-Rodriguez et al., 2011 |
Opioid | | |
MOR, KOR | ↑ Oligodendrocyte differentiation | Hahn et al., 2010 |
| ↓ Astrocyte & neuronal differentiation | Hahn et al., 2010 |
DOR, MOR | Expressed in NSCs, neural progenitors | Tripathi et al., 2008 |
MOR | ↓ Neuronal survival | Harburg et al., 2007 |
Opioids | ↓ SGZ proliferation, maturation, & survival | Eisch et al., 2000; Arguello et al., 2008 |
| | Kahn et al., 2005 |
| ↓ SVZ proliferation | Kornblum et al., 1987; Lorber et al., 1990 |
| | Bartolome et al., 1994; Khurshid et al., 2010 |
Naloxone | ↓ Hippocampal proliferation & gliogenesis | Persson et al., 2003, 2004 |
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide | | |
VPAC1 | ↑ SGZ neurogenesis | Zaben et al., 2009 |
VPAC2 | ↑ SGZ neurogenesis & survival | Zaben et al., 2009 |
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide | | |
PAC1 | ↑ NSC & progenitor proliferation | Mercer et al., 2004; Ohta et al., 2006 |
PACAP | ↑ SVZ & SGZ proliferation | Mercer et al., 2004; Ohta et al., 2006 |
| ↑ SGZ progenitor survival | Ago et al., 2011 |
Neuropeptide Y | | |
NPY | ↑ SVZ proliferation | Rodrigo et al., 2010; Thiriet et al., 2011 |
Y1 | ↑ SVZ & SGZ proliferation & neuronal differentiation | Hansel et al., 2001; Howell et al., 2003; Howell et al., 2005; Agasse et al., 2008; Decressac et al., 2009 |
Purinergic | | |
ATP, UTP | Guides neuronal progenitor migration | Grimm et al., 2009, 2010 |
P2Y | ↑ Proliferation of neural & glial progenitors | Neary and Zu, 1994; Milenkovic et al., 2003; Ryu et al., 2003 |
P2Y1,4 | Expressed in SVZ | Lin et al., 2007 |
| ↑ Proliferation of SVZ neurospheres | Mishra et al., 2006; Stafford et al., 2007 |
Serotonin | | |
5-HT | ↑ SVZ & SGZ neurogenesis | Brezun and Daszuta, 1999, 2000a,b; Duman et al., 2000; Jacobs et al., 2000; Kempermann et al., 2002; Grabiec et al., 2009 |
| ↑ SGZ proliferation | Malberg et al., 2000; Lee et al., 2001; Manev et al., 2001 |
| ↑ TAP cell proliferation | Encinas et al., 2006 |
| ↑ SGZ survival | Benninghoff et al., 2010 |
5-HT1A | ↑ SSRI-induced SGZ proliferation | Radley and Jacobs, 2002; Santarelli et al., 2003; Huang and Herbert, 2005 |
5-HT2 | ↑ SVZ proliferation | Banasr et al., 2004 |
| ↓ SGZ proliferation but ↑ survival | Klempin et al., 2010 |
5-HT2A | ↑ SGZ proliferation | Jha et al., 2008 |
5-HT4 | ↑ Neurogenesis | Lucas et al., 2007 |
WNT | | |
Wnt3 | ↑ SGZ neurogenesis | Zhou et al., 2004; Lie et al., 2005; Yu et al., 2006 |
Wnt5a | ↑ Neurogenesis in neurospheres | Yu et al., 2006 |
LRP6 | ↑ SGZ proliferation; radial glial structure | Zhou et al., 2004 |