TABLE 1

List of the main resistance mutations against the most commonly used antiretroviral drugs

Reverse Transcriptase MutationsAntiretroviral Drug
    M41LAbacavir, didanosine, tenofovir/tenofovir DF, stavudine, zidovudine
    A62VLamivudine, emtricitabine, abacavir, didanosine, tenofovir/tenofovir DF, stavudine, zidovudine
    D67NAbacavir, didanosine, tenofovir/tenofovir DF, stavudine, zidovudine
    K65R/NLamivudine, emtricitabine, abacavir, didanosine, tenofovir/tenofovir DF, stavudine
    T69D/InsLamivudine, emtricitabine, abacavir, didanosine, tenofovir/tenofovir DF, stavudine, zidovudine
    K70R/E/GStavudine, zidovudine
    L74V/IAbacavir, didanosine
    V75I/T/MAbacavir, didanosine, tenofovir/tenofovir DF, stavudine
    F77LAbacavir, didanosine, stavudine, zidovudine
    Y115FAbacavir, tenofovir/tenofovir DF
    F116YAbacavir, didanosine, stavudine, zidovudine
    Q151MLamivudine, emtricitabine, abacavir, didanosine, tenofovir/tenofovir DF, stavudine, zidovudine
    M184V/ILamivudine, emtricitabine, abacavir, didanosine
    L210WAbacavir, didanosine, tenofovir/tenofovir DF, stavudine, zidovudine
    T215F/YAbacavir, didanosine, tenofovir/tenofovir DF, stavudine, zidovudine
    K219Q/EStavudine, zidovudine
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
    A98GNevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine
    L100INevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine
    K101E/PNevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine
    K103N/SNevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine
    V106A/MNevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine
    V108INevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine
    V179D/E/FNevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine
    Y181C/I/VNevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine
    Y188L/H/CNevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine
    G190A/S/ENevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine
    P225HEtravirine
    F227L/CNevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine
    M230LNevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine
    P236LDelavirdine
    K238TNevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine
Protease inhibitors
    L23INelfinavir
    L24IAtazanavir/R, fosamprenavir/R, indinavir/R, lopinavir/R, nelfinavir, saquinavir/R
    D30NNelfinavir
    V32IDarunavir/R, fosamprenavir/R, indinavir/R, lopinavir/R, tipranavir/R
    L33FAtazanavir/R, darunavir/R, fosamprenavir/R, lopinavir/R, nelfinavir, tipranavir/R
    M46I/LAtazanavir/R, fosamprenavir/R, indinavir/R, lopinavir/R, nelfinavir, tipranavir/R
    I47V/AAtazanavir/R, darunavir/R, fosamprenavir/R, indinavir/R, lopinavir/R, nelfinavir, tipranavir/R
    G48V/MAtazanavir/R, Lopinavir/R, nelfinavir, saquinavir/R
    I50L/VAtazanavir/R, darunavir/R, fosamprenavir/R, lopinavir/R
    F53LAtazanavir/R, indinavir/R, nelfinavir, saquinavir/R
    I54V/T/A/L/MAtazanavir/R, darunavir/R, fosamprenavir/R, indinavir/R, lopinavir/R, nelfinavir, saquinavir/R, tipranavir/R
    G73S/TAtazanavir/R, darunavir, fosamprenavir/R, indinavir/R, nelfinavir, saquinavir/R
    L76VDarunavir, fosamprenavir/R, indinavir, lopinavir/R
    V82A/T/F/SAtazanavir/R, fosamprenavir/R, indinavir/R, lopinavir/R, nelfinavir, saquinavir/R, tipranavir/R
    I84V/A/CAtazanavir/R, darunavir, fosamprenavir/R, indinavir, lopinavir/R, nelfinavir, saquinavir/R, tipranavir/R
    N88D/SAtazanavir/R, indinavir/R, nelfinavir, saquinavir/R,
    L90MAtazanavir/R, darunavir, fosamprenavir/R, indinavir/R, lopinavir/R, nelfinavir, saquinavir/R, tipranavir/R
Integrase inhibitors
    T66I/A/KElvitegravir
    E92QRaltegravir/elvitegravir
    F121YRaltegravir/elvitegravir
    E138A/KRaltegravir/elvitegravir
    G140SRaltegravir/elvitegravir
    Y143R/C/HRaltegravir
    S147GRaltegravir/elvitegravir
    Q148H/R/KRaltegravir/elvitegravir
    S153YElvitegravir
    N155H/SRaltegravir/elvitegravir
    R263KElvitegravir

  • Data from Rhee et al. (2003) and Shafer (2006).