Diameter | Density | Morphology (TEM) | Cellular Origin | Origin | Composition | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nm | g/ml | |||||
Exosomes | 50–100a–d | 1.13–1.19a,c | Cup-shapeda–c,e | Most cell types | Plasma membrane endosomesf–j | Biochemical composition known, but most proteins and lipids not unique for exosomesa,b,e,k–n |
Microvesicles | 20–1000b,n–q | Unknown | Cup-shaped | Most cell types | Plasma membraneq–t | Insufficiently known |
Membrane particles | 50–80, 600u | 1.032–1.068u | Cup-shapedu | Epithelial cells onlyu | Plasma membraneu | CD133u |
Apoptotic vesicles | 1000–5000m,n,v,w | 1.16–1.28n | Heterogeneousw | All cell types | Plasma membrane endoplasmic reticulumx | Histones, DNAn,v–y |
↵a Escola et al., 1998.
↵b Heijnen et al., 1999.
↵c Raposo et al., 1996.
↵d Trams et al., 1981.
↵e André et al., 2004.
↵f Booth et al., 2006.
↵g Fang et al., 2007.
↵h Harding et al., 1983.
↵i Lenassi et al., 2010.
↵j Pan et al., 1985.
↵k Beyer and Pisetsky, 2010.
↵l Taylor and Gerçel-Taylor, 2005.
↵m Théry et al., 2009.
↵n Turiák et al., 2011.
↵o Dragovic et al., 2011.
↵p György et al., 2011a.
↵q Wolf, 1967.
↵r Allan and Raval, 1983.
↵s Crawford, 1971.
↵t George et al., 1976, 1982.
↵u Marzesco et al., 2005.
↵v Hristov et al., 2004.
↵w Kerr et al., 1972.
↵x Bilyy et al., 2012.
↵y Holmgren et al., 1999.