Representative studies showing relation between social defeat and drug reward
| Reference | Animal | Predictor Variable | Outcome Variable | Drug | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stimulants | |||||
| Boyson et al. (2011) | Male Long-Evans rats | Periodic SD (4 times) | SA on FR5 and PR | Cocaine (0.75 mg/kg i.v.) | ↑ SA (acquisition and binge) |
| Burke et al. (2011) | Male Sprague-Dawley rats | Daily SD (5 days) | CPP | Amphetamine (1 mg/kg i.p.) | ↑ CPP |
| Covington and Miczek (2001) | Male Long-Evans rats | Periodic SD (4 times) | SA on FR5 and PR | Cocaine (0.38–1.5 mg/kg i.v.) | ↔ SA (acquisition) ↑ SA (binge) |
| Haney et al. (1995) | Female and male Sprague-Dawley rats | Periodic SD (4 times) | SA on FR1 | Cocaine (0.32 mg/kg i.v.) | ↑ SA |
| McLaughlin et al. (2006) | Male C57Bl/6 mice | Daily SD (3 days) | CPP | Cocaine (15 mg/kg s.c.) | ↑ CPP |
| Quadros and Miczek (2009) | Male Long-Evans rats | Periodic SD (4 times) | SA on FR3 and PR | Cocaine (0.75 mg/kg i.v.) | ↔ SA (escalation) ↑ SA (breakpoint and binge) |
| Tidey and Miczek (1997) | Male Long-Evans rats | Daily SD (4 days) | SA on FR1 | Cocaine (0.75 mg/kg i.v.) | ↑ SA (acquisition) |
| Opiates | |||||
| Cruz et al. (2011) | Male Long-Evans rats | Periodic SD (4 times) | SA on FR3 and PR | Heroin (0.03 mg/kg i.v.) | ↔ SA |
| Alcohol | |||||
| Croft et al. (2005) | Male C57BL/10 mice | Daily SD (5 days) | 2-Bottle choice | Alcohol (8% p.o.) | ↑ Preference |
| Funk et al. (2005) | Male Wistar rats | Acute SD (before session) | SA on FR3 | Alcohol (12% p.o.) | ↓ SA (maintenance and extinction) ↔ SA (reinstatement) |
| van Erp et al. (2001) | Male Long-Evans rats | Daily SD (5 days) | SA on FR4 | Alcohol (10% p.o.) | ↓ SA |
SA, self-administration; ↑, increase; ↓, decrease; ↔, no change.