TABLE 3

Summary of regenerative pharmacology stem cell applications

Probable Target Cell of AgentAgentReference
Expansion
 KeratinocytesEpidermal Growth FactorGreen, 2008
 Hematopoetic Stem Cells (HSC)Angiopoietin-like 5Drake et al., 2011
 HSCStemRegenin 1Boitano et al., 2010
 NSCEpidermal Growth FactorWeiss et al., 1996
 NSCFibroblast Growth Factor-2Weiss et al., 1996
Mobilization
 HSCPleiotrophinDeuel et al., 2002
 HSCG-CSFFrampton et al., 1994
 HSCPlerixaforBrave et al., 2010
 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)LLP2A-alendronateGuan et al., 2012
Differentiation of endogenous stem/progenitor cells
 Erythroid progenitor cellsErythropoietinFaulds and Sorkin, 1989
 Myeloid progenitor cellsG-CSFFrampton et al., 1994
 MSC / osteogenic progenitorsBMP-7Friedlaender et al., 2001
 MSC / osteogenic progenitorsBMP-2McKay et al., 2007
 MSC / osteogenic progenitorsNELL1Zou et al., 2011
 MSC / osteogenic progenitorsWnt3aMinear et al., 2010
 MSC / osteogenic progenitorsWNT pathway agonistsGwak et al., 2011
 MSC / osteogenic progenitorsAntagonists of WNT inhibitorsAgholme and Aspenberg, 2011
Differentiation from pluripotent stem cells (PSC)
 PSC to definitive endodermActivin AD’Amour et al., 2005
 PSC to mesoderm & cardiac progenitorsTGF-β family membersKattman et al., 2011
 PSC to cardiomyocytesFGF-10Chan et al., 2010
 PSC to cardiomyocytesCardiogenol A-DWu et al., 2004
 PSC to cardiomyocytesXAV939Wang et al., 2011a
 PSC to cardiomyocytes“Compound 62”Shen et al., 2012a
Reprogramming to PSC or Lineage-Restricted Cells
 Adult cells to PSCOCT4/SOX2 / KLF4/c-MYCTakahashi et al., 2007
 Adult cells to PSCOCT4 SOX2/NANOG/LIN28Yu et al., 2007
 Adult cells to PSCHDAC, HMTase inhibitorsChoi and Nam, 2012
 Adult cells to PSCAMI-5Yuan et al., 2011b
 Expansion of PSCROCK inhibitorsWatanabe et al., 2007
 Pluripotency maintenance of PSCerythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenineBurton et al., 2010a
 Pancreatic exocrine to endocrineNgn3/Pdx1/MafAZhou et al., 2008
 Embryonic mesoderm to cardiomyocytesBaf60c/Gata4/Tbx5Takeuchi and Bruneau, 2009
 Fibroblasts to cardiomyocytesGata4/Tbx5/Mef2cIeda et al., 2010
 Fibroblasts to neuronsAscl1/Brn2/Pou3f2/Myt11Vierbuchen et al., 2010
 Fibroblasts to dopamine neuronsMash1/Ngn2/Sox2/Nurr1/Pitx3Liu et al., 2012
 Fibroblasts to hepatocytesGata4/Hnfl1α/Foxa3/p19(Arf) inhibitorHuang et al., 2011
 Melanocytes to neural crestNotch1Zabierowski et al., 2011
 Fibroblasts to cardiomyocytesOct4/Klf4/Sox2/JAK-STAT inhibitor/BMF-4Efe et al., 2011

  • HDAC, histone deacetylase; ROCK, Rho-associated protein kinase; JAK-STATE, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription.