Phytochemicals that modify NF-κB signaling
| Phytochemical | Target Tissue/Cells | Effects | Involved Molecular Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capsaicin | Adipose tissues macrophages of obese mice | Suppress the inflammatory responses | NF-κB inactivation | Kang et al. (2007) |
| Resveratrol | Adipose tissue of Zucker (fa/fa) rats | Body fat reduction and anti-inflammatory activity | Reduced NF-κB and inflammatory responses | Gómez -Zorita et al. (2013) |
| Murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and microglial BV-2 cells | Inhibit microglial activation | Suppressed NF-κB signaling | Capiralla et al. (2012) | |
| Curcumin | AGE-treated rabbit chondrocytes | Block inflammation by inhibition of I-κBα phosphorylation | Inhibition of NF-κB activation | Yang et al. (2013) |
| Human articular chondrocytes | Reduce inflammatory responses | Suppressed NF-κB activation | Shakibaei et al. (2007) | |
| T cell | Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive function | Suppressed NF-κB activation | Kliem et al. (2012) | |
| MSC-like progenitor cells | Facilitate chondrogenesis of MSC-like progenitor cells | Suppressed NF-κB activation | Buhrmann et al. (2010) | |
| Silibinin | SKH-1 hairless mice | Protect UVB-induced inflammation and photocarcinogenesis | Decreased phosphorylation of p65 subunit | Gu et al. (2007) |
| Curcumin | Human pancreatic carcinoma cells | Inhibit pancreatic carcinoma growth and tumor angiogenesis | Decreased NF-κB activity | Li et al. (2005a) |
| Breast cancer cells | Downregulate the expression of tumor markers | Decreased NF-κB | Royt et al. (2011) | |
| Human pancreatic carcinoma cells and murine xenograft models | Suppress pancreatic carcinoma growth and tumor angiogenesis | Downregulation of NF-κB | Li et al. (2004) | |
| Genistein | 253J B-V human bladder cancer cells and orthotopic tumor model | Inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis | Downregulation of NF-κB | Singh et al. (2006) |
| Quercetin | Human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells | Induce G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial apoptosis | NF-κB inhibition | Vidya Priyadarsini et al. (2010) |
| EGCG | T24 human bladder cancer cells | Suppress invasion and metastasis | Inactivation of NF-κB | Qin et al. (2012) |
| Mollugin | Human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells | Induce apoptotic cell death | Suppressed activation of NF-κB | Lee et al. (2013) |
| Resveratrol | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis | Suppression of the activation of NF-κB | Yu et al. (2010a) |
| Anthocyanin-rich açai | BV-2 mouse microglial cells | Mitigate LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation | Suppression of NF-κB | Poulose et al. (2012) |
| Resveratrol | C6 astroglial cells and primary cultured cortical astrocyte | Modulate inflammatory stress by ammonia-induced neurotoxicity | Decreased ERK and NF-κB signaling | Bobermin et al. (2012) |
| Luteolin | BV-2 mouse microglial cells | Inhibit LPS-induced neuroinflammation | Blocked NF-κB activation and inflammatory molecules | Zhu et al. (2011) |
| Kaempferol | Transient focal stroke rat model | Prevent ischemic brain injury and neuroinflammation | Inhibition of STAT3 and NF-κB activation | Yu et al. (2013) |
| Naringenin | Rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury | Elevate the endogenous antioxidant level and inhibit the activation of glial cells | Inhibition of NF-κB activation | Raza et al. (2013) |
| Mangiferin and morin | Primary cultured cortical neurons | Reduce excitotoxic-induced neuronal cell death | Inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB | Campos-Esparza et al. (2009) |
| Silymarin | Mesencephalic mixed neuron-glia cultures | Reduce microglial activation and inflammatory mediators by LPS | Inhibition of NF-κB activation | Wang et al. (2002) |
| Soybean isoflavone | Aβ-injected rat brain | Improve spatial learning and memory | Inhibited TLR4 and NF-κB | Ding et al. (2011) |
| EGCG | Aβ-injected mice brain | Prevent loss of learning and memory and apoptotic neuronal cell death | Inhibited ERK and NF-κB activation | Lee et al. (2009) |
| Autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice model | Reduce neuroinflammation and neuronal cell damage | Intracellular accumulation of IκBα and inhibition of NF-κB activation | Aktas et al. (2004) | |
| Wogonin | BV-2 mouse microglial cells | Inhibit inflammatory activation | Decreased NF-κB activation | Lee et al. (2003) |
| Caffeic acid | Primary cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons | Decrease apoptotic cell death | Blocked NF-κB and caspase activity | Amodio et al. (2003) |
AGE, advanced glycation end product; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4.