TABLE 3

Effects of dopamine receptor agonists on intracranial self-stimulation

Drug Pharmacology^a		Doses	Route	Strain/Species	Sex	ICSS Procedure^b		Drug Effect^c	Dependent Measure	Reference
Drug Name	Selectivity	Doses	Route	Strain/Species	Sex	Structure	Parameter	Drug Effect^c	Dependent Measure	Reference
		mg/kg
Apomorphine	D1/D2	0.03–0.3	s.c.	Sprague-Dawley rat	Male	Hybrid	Frequency	Mixed	↑↓rate	Depoortere et al., 1996
Apomorphine	D1/D2	0.1	s.c.	Wistar rat	Male	Hybrid	Amplitude	Depression	↓rate	Strecker et al., 1982
SKF81297	D1	0.125–1.5	s.c.	Wistar rat	Male	Discrete trial	Amplitude	Depression	↑CIT	Baldo et al., 1999
SKF81297	D1	0.1–10	i.p.	Swiss-Webster mouse	Male	Hybrid	Frequency	No effect		Malanga et al., 2008
SKF81297	D1	0.1–10	i.p.	Swiss-Webster mouse	Female	Hybrid	Frequency	No effect		Malanga et al., 2008
SKF82958	D1	0.03–0.3	i.p.	Swiss-Webster mouse	Male	Hybrid	Frequency	Facilitation	↓M₅₀	Gilliss et al., 2002
Quinpirole	D2	0.03–1.0	i.p.	Sprague-Dawley rat	Male	Hybrid	Frequency	Mixed	↑↓rate	Depoortere et al., 1996
Quinpirole	D2	0.1–10	i.p.	Swiss-Webster mouse	Male	Hybrid	Frequency	Mixed	↑↓θ₀	Malanga et al., 2008
Quinpirole	D2	0.1–10	i.p.	Swiss-Webster mouse	Female	Hybrid	Frequency	Mixed	↑↓θ₀	Malanga et al., 2008
Quinpirole	D2	0.5–2.0	i.p.	Long Evans rat	Male	Hybrid	Frequency	Mixed	↓1/4 threshold	Nakajima and O’Regan, 1991

Rate, response rate; CIT, current-intensity threshold; θ₀, theta-0 threshold; M₅₀, EF₅₀, or LOR, frequency maintaining 50% maximum rate; 1/4 threshold, frequency maintaining 25% maximum rate.
↵^a Dopamine receptor subtype selectivity
↵^b First column indicates structure of experimental session (see text for details). Second column indicates stimulation parameter under manipulation across trials.
↵^c Most prominent drug effect on ICSS.