Peptide | AA | Mode of Action | Indication | Formulation | Approval | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lucinactant (Sinapultide) | 21 | Surfactant | Respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants | Inhalation | 2012 U.S. Orphan indication | Peptide mimic of surfactant-associated protein B |
Peginesatide | Dimeric 21 + 21 | EOO receptor agonist | Anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease | s.c., i.v. | 2012 U.S. (withdrawn 2013 for fatal hypersensitivity reactions) Orphan indication | PEGylated EPO-mimetic peptide |
Pasireotide | 6 | Somatostatin receptor agonist | Cushing disease | s.c. | 2012 EU, U.S. Orphan indication | Cyclohexapeptide analog of somatostatin |
Carfilzomib | 4 | Chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitor | Multiple myeloma | i.v. | 2012 U.S. Orphan indication | Analog of epoxomicin |
Linaclotide | 14 | Guanylate cyclase-C agonist | Constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, chronic idiopathic constipation | Oral | 2012 EU, U.S. | 3 Cys-bridges |
Teduglutide | 33 | GLP-2 receptor agonist | Short bowel syndrome | s.c. | 2012 EU, U.S. Orphan indication | Glycine modified |
Lixisenatide | 44 | GLP-1R agonist | Type 2 diabetes | s.c. | 2013 EU | Modified exendin-4 |
Afamelanotide | 13 | MC1R agonist | EPO protoporphyria (photoprotectant) | s.c. implant | 2014 EU Orphan indication | α-MSH analog with modified AAs |
Albiglutide | 30 | GLP-1R agonist | Type 2 diabetes | s.c. | 2014 EU, U.S. | GLP-1 fused to human albumin |
Dulaglutide | 46 | GLP-1R agonist | Type 2 diabetes | s.c. | 2014 EU, U.S. | GLP-1 fused to human Fc fragment |
Metreleptin | Leptin analog | Generalized lipodystrophy | s.c. | U.S. |
AA, number of amino acids; EPO, erythropoietin; GLP-1R, glucagon-like peptide 1; MC1R, melanocortin-1 receptor; MSH, melanocyte-stimulating hormone.