Depression/anxiety | Reduced immobility in forced swim test | Roth et al., 2009; Turek et al., 2010 |
| Increased hippocampal neurogenesis | |
| Reduced restraint stress-induced sucrose consumption and hyperthermia | |
| Reduced marble burying | |
Memory enhancement | Increased retention under conditions of “weak” conditioning but impaired retention under “strong” conditioning in T-maze | Flood and Morley, 1992; Zhu et al., 2015 |
| Improved learning and memory |
AD | Decreased brain Aβ levels | Adler et al., 2014; Zhu et al., 2015 |
| Improved performance in memory and cognition in preclinical disease models | |
| Increased markers of synaptic formation and decreased markers of inflammation and oxidative stress within hippocampus | |
Antipsychotic/schizophrenia | Intra-accumbens infusion reversed amphetamine-induced prepulse inhibition disruption | Baisley et al., 2014 |
Pain | Analgesic effects in models of visceral pain when administered peripherally | Bouali et al., 1995; Gebre-Medhin et al., 1998b; Sibilia et al., 2000; Huang et al., 2010 |
| Antinociceptive effects linked to reduced spinal c-Fos expression | |
| No effects on tail immersion when given centrally | |
| Amylin knockout mice have reduced nociception | |
Osteoporosis | In a streptozotocin (STZ) rat model of diabetic osteopenia, addition of amylin improved bone indices apparently by both inhibiting resorption and stimulating bone formation. | Cornish et al., 1998; Horcajada-Molteni et al., 2000, 2001; Dacquin et al., 2004; Gutierrez-Rojas et al., 2013 |
| Amylin knockout mice have increased bone resorption (decreased bone mass/density, trabecular bone volume) but normal osteoblast and bone formation rates | |
| Osteogenic actions depend on diabetic status (effective in low-dose STZ type 2 diabetic but not insulin-resistant preclinical models) | |