Disease | DAMP | TLR | Cell Type/Tissue | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Atherosclerosis | Apolipoprotein CIII | 2 | Monocytes | Kawakami et al., 2008 |
C-reactive protein | 4 | VSMC | Liu et al., 2010b,c | |
Extracellular matrix proteins | ||||
Biglycana | 2, 4 | Macrophages | Schaefer et al., 2005; Babelova et al., 2009; Neufeld et al., 2014; Thompson et al., 2014 | |
Decorina | 2, 4 | Macrophages, aortic valve, renal arteries | Merline et al., 2011; Neufeld et al., 2014 | |
Fibronectin-EDA | 4 | Endothelial cells, macrophages | Tan et al., 2004; Schoneveld et al., 2008 | |
Fibrinogen | 4 | Macrophages, monocytes | Smiley et al., 2001; Kuhns et al., 2007 | |
Heparan sulfate | 2,4 | Macrophages | Blich et al., 2013; Goodall et al., 2014 | |
Hyaluronan | 2,4 | Endothelial cells, macrophages | Taylor et al., 2004; Scheibner et al., 2006 | |
Tenascin C | 4 | Macrophages | Liu et al., 2012 | |
Versicana | 2,4,6 | Macrophages | Kim et al., 2009b; Barascuk et al., 2013; Chang et al., 2014 | |
HMGB1 | 2,4,9 | Neutrophils, macrophages | Park et al., 2004; Hirata et al., 2013 | |
Heat shock proteins | ||||
HSP60 | 2,4 | Monocytes, VSMCs | de Graaf et al., 2006; Schoneveld et al., 2008 | |
HSP70 | 2,4 | Monocytes, macrophages | Asea et al., 2002; Vabulas et al., 2002 | |
Neutrophil elastasea | 4 | Human embryonic kidney cells | Devaney et al., 2003; Henriksen and Sallenave, 2008; Sallenave and Shapiro, 2008 | |
Oxidized LDL | 4 | Endothelial cells, macrophages | Miller, 2005; Su et al., 2011 | |
S100 proteinsa | ||||
S100A8 | 4 | Macrophages | McCormick et al., 2005; Schelbergen et al., 2012 | |
S100A9 | 4 | Macrophages | McCormick et al., 2005; Schelbergen et al., 2012 | |
S100b | 2 | Adipocytes | Monden et al., 2013 | |
Uric acida | 2,4 | Macrophages | Gagliardi et al., 2009; Liu-Bryan et al., 2005 | |
Hypertension | ADMAa | 4 | Adipocytes | Matsuoka et al., 1997; Yang et al., 2009 |
“Abnormal” HDL | 2 | Endothelial cells | Speer et al., 2013 | |
Angiotensin IIa | 4 | Arteries, PVN | Dange et al., 2014; De Batista et al., 2014; Hernanz et al., 2015 | |
C-reactive protein | 4 | VSMC | Liu et al., 2010b,c | |
Mitochondrial DNA | 9 | Arteries | McCarthy et al., 2014 | |
Fibrinogen | 4 | Cardiomyocytes | Li et al., 2009 | |
Fibronectin-EDAa | 4 | Aorta | Takasaki et al., 1992 | |
HMGB1 | 2,4,9 | Endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes | Kim et al., 2012; Mersmann et al., 2013 | |
Heat shock proteins | ||||
HSP60 | 2, 4 | VSMCs | Pockley et al., 2000; de Graaf et al., 2006 | |
HSP70 | 2 | Kidney, cardiomyocytes | Mathur et al., 2011; Pons et al., 2013 | |
Hyaluronan | 2,4 | Endothelial cells | Taylor et al., 2004 | |
Uric acida | 2,4 | Macrophages | Liu-Bryan et al., 2005; Feig, 2014 | |
Stroke & Cerebrovascular injury | Carboxyalkylpyrrolesb | 2 | Endothelial cells | West et al., 2010 |
CRIPb | 2,4 | Macrophages | Qiang et al., 2013 | |
HMGB1 | 2,4 | Neurons, endothelial and, glial cells | Qiu et al., 2008, 2010 | |
Mitochondrial DAMPsb | 9 | Endothelial cells | Sun et al., 2013; Walko et al., 2014 | |
Peroxiredoxin | 2,4 | Macrophages | Shichita et al., 2012; Kuang et al., 2014 |
↵a DAMP has no direct link with TLR in that cardiovascular disease. However, there is link between that DAMP and TLR(s) in other pathologies and that DAMP with the cardiovascular disease in question.
↵b Not studied specifically for the cardiovascular disease in question; however, the particular DAMP does have significant implications for the clinical features of the disease.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein.