TABLE 1

Kinase inhibitors in clinical development

Kinase	Inhibitors	Development Stage	Disease Indication	Comments
IKK (NF-κB)	IMD-0354	Phase 2?	COPD	Discontinued
	Bay 65-1942	Preclinical	COPD	Oral
p38 MAPK	Dilmapimod	Phase 2	COPD	Oral
	Losmapimod	Phase 2	COPD	Oral
	PH-797804	Phase 2	COPD	Oral
	PF-03715455	Phase 2	Asthma, COPD	Inhaled
	AZD7624	Phase 2	COPD	Inhaled
	RV-568	Phase 2	COPD	Inhaled
JNK	SP600125	Preclinical	Asthma, COPD?	Oral
MEK1/ERK	Trametinib	Phase 3	Cancer	Oral
ASK-1	GS-4997	Phase 2	Diabetes	Oral
PI3K	Idelisib	Approved	B cell malignancy	Oral PI3Kδ-selective
	TG100-115	Preclinical	Asthma, COPD	InhaledPI3Kγ/δ-selective
	GSK2269557	Phase 2	COPD	Inhaled PI3Kδ-selective
	RV-1729	Phase 2	Asthma, COPD	Inhaled PI3Kγ/δ-selective
JAK	LAS194046	Preclinical	Asthma, COPD	Inhaled
	R256	Preclinical	Asthma, COPD	Inhaled
	VR560	Preclinical	Asthma, COPD	Inhaled
SYK	Fostamatinib	Phase 3	Arthritis, lymphoma	Oral
	R112	Phase 2	Rhinitis	Nasal, discontinued
	R343	Phase 2	Asthma	Inhaled, discontinued
	LAS189386	Preclinical	Asthma	Inhaled
RTK	BIBW 2948	Phase 2	COPD	Inhaled EGFR
	Masitinib	Phase 2	Severe asthma	Oral, PDGFR, c-Kit
ROCK	Fasudil	Approved	Cerebral vasospasm	Oral

ASK, apoptosis signal-regulatory kinase; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK, extracellular regulating kinase; IKK, inhibitor of kB kinase; JAK, Janus-activated kinase; JNK, Jun NH2-terminal kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor; PI3K, phosphoinositide-3-kinase; ROCK, Rho-associated protein kinase; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; Syk, spleen tyrosine kinase.