Some characteristics of antiarrhythmic drugs that show atrial specificity
| Blocker or Modulator (Drug) | Target | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| BMS914392 | IKACh | Resulted ineffective in clinical studies |
| Potential adverse/vagolytic effects | ||
| MK-0448 | IKur | Appears ineffective |
| INa Blockers | INa | Ranolazine resulted ineffective in clinical studies |
| Wenxin-Keli appears effective but needs additional studies | ||
| Multichannel blockers | INa | Celivarone resulted ineffective in clinical studies |
| IKur | Budiodarone appears effective but need for additional studies | |
| IKACh | Vernakalant seems effective for acute conversion to sinus rhythm | |
| IKr | ||
| IKs | ||
| AP14145: | SK | SK channels are downregulated in human AF |
| No effect on APD of patients with AF | ||
| SAC Blockers | SAC | Gadolinium is effective in experiments |
| Selective agents have not been tested in the clinic | ||
| K2p Blockers | K2p | Amiodarone and Dronedarone |
| Selective analogs are under development but have not been tested in the clinic | ||
| IP3 modulators | IP3 Receptor | Not clinically tested as yet |
| Potential systemic effects due to nonspecificity | ||
| Dantrolene | RyR2 | Not clinically tested in AF as yet |
| Potential hepatotoxicity on chronic oral administration | ||
| Rotigaptide | Connexin | Not clinically tested as yet |
| Improvement of conduction velocity does not correlate with AF vulnerability |