Area of Research | Test Model | Reference | Chemogenetic Vector | Target Area (Cells) | Rodent Species/Strain | Effect Mediated by Chemogenetic Intervention |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*DIO: double-floxed inverted open reading frame (Cre-dependent) | ||||||
Locomotor activity | Novelty induced locomotor activity and habituation | Farrell et al. (2013) | BAC: Adora2A-rM3Ds-IRES-mCherry | Global expression (iMSN) | Mouse: transgenic (Adora2a-rM3Ds) | ↓ locomotor activity |
Wang et al. (2013) | AAV2/9-CAG-DIO-hM3Dq-2A-mCherry | VTA/SN (DAergic) | Mouse: DAT-Cre | ↑ locomotor activity | ||
Vardy et al. (2015) | AAV8-hSyn-DIO-KORD-IRES-mCitrine | VTA/SN (GABAergic) | Mouse: VGAT- Cre | ↑ locomotor activity | ||
Parker et al. (2016) | AAV5-CaMKII-hM4Di-mCherry | Thalamus (glutamatergic thalamostriatal neurons) | Mouse: Dorsolateral striatum, 6- OHDA-lesioned | Locomotor recovery of parkinsonian mice; ↑ ambulatory time and average velocity (both by intraperitoneally and intra-dorsolateral striatum CNO), ↓ freezing (intraperitoneally only) | ||
Bellocchio et al. (2016) | AAV1/2-CAG-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry | Dorsal striatum (dMSN or iMSN) | Mouse: D1R-Cre, D2R-Cre | Acute dMSN/iMSN Dq-stimulation: ↑/↓ locomotor activity, Chronic iMSN Dq-stimulation: ↑ locomotor activity | ||
Lemos et al. (2016) | AAV2/5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry, AAV8-hSyn-DIO-KORD-IRES-mCitrine | Dorsal striatum/NAc (iMSN) | Mouse: iMSN- D2R KO (Adora2a-Cre background) | Locomotor recovery of D2R-KO mice mimicking parkinsonian mice (↑ locomotor activity) | ||
Carvalho Poyraz et al. (2016) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | Dorsomedial striatum or NAc (iMSN) | Mouse: D2R- OEdev*(D2R-Cre background), D2R-Cre *overexpressing D2R in iMSN | ↑ locomotor activity | ||
Dobbs et al. (2016) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | NAc (iMSN) | Mouse: Adora2aCre | ↑ locomotor activity | ||
Marchant et al. (2016b) | AAV9-CaMKIIα-HA-KORD-IRES-mCitrine, AAV9-CaMKIIα-HA-hM4Di-IRES-mCitrine | VTA/SN (DAergic) | Rat: WT | ↓ locomotor activity | ||
Chu et al. (2017) | BAC: Adora2A-rM3Ds-IRES-mCherry | Global expression (iMSN) | Mouse: transgenic (Adora2a-rM3Ds) | Acute: ↓ locomotor activity Repeated (2 to 3 days): ↓ reduced vesicular glutamate transporter expressing cortico-subthalamic nucleus axon terminals (i.e. parkinsonian phenotype) | ||
Moehle et al. (2017) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | Dorsal striatum (dMSN) | Mouse: D1R-M4 KO (D1R-Cre background) | Inhibits D1R-induced increase in miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current frequency – supports important role of muscarinic receptor type 4 Gi-signaling in dMSN neurons by regulating locomotor activity via control of AC/cAMP. N.B. no behavioral experiments performed | ||
Runegaard et al. (2018) | AAV8-hSyn-DIO-rM3Ds-mCherry, AAV8-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | VTA (DAergic) | Mouse: TH-Cre | Di-/Ds-stimulation: ↓/↑ locomotor activity during habituation | ||
Sandhu et al. (2018) | AAV1/2-Eifla-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry-WPRE | VTA (DAergic) | Mouse: DAT-Cre | ↑ locomotor activity | ||
Bouabid and Zhou (2018) | BAC: Adora2A-rM3Ds-IRES-mCherry | Global expression (iMSN) | Mouse: transgenic (Adora2a-rM3Ds) | ↓ locomotor activity (associate with excitation of iMSN and inhibition of globus pallidum neuronal firing) | ||
Habituated/home-cage locomotor activity | Blum et al. (2014) | AAV8-DIO-hM3Dq–mCherry | VTA/SN (DAergic) | Mouse: DAT-Cre | ↑ locomotor activity, ↑ ultradian day rhythms by increased active-phase (CNO applied in drinking water) | |
Boender et al. (2014) | AAVNA-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry (VTA), CAV2-Cre (NAc) | VTA→NAc (DAergic) | Rat: WT | ↑ locomotor activity | ||
Patterson et al. (2015) | AAVNA-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry | Lateral hypothalamus (neurotensin releasing) | Mouse: neurotensin-Cre | ↑ locomotor activity | ||
Boekhoudt et al. (2016) | AAV5-DIO-hSyn-hM3Dq-mCherry (VTA/SN), CAV2-Cre (NAc/dorsomedial striatum) | VTA, SN, (DAergic) VTA→NAc, SN→Dorsomedial striatum | Rat: TH-Cre, WT with CAV2Cre | VTA and VTA→NAc Dq-stimulation: ↑ long-lasting locomotor activity, SN and SN→dorsomedial striatum stimulation: modest ↑ locomotor activity | ||
Zhu et al. (2016) | AAV2-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry, AAV2-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | NAc (dMSN or iMSN) | Mouse: D1R-Cre, D2R-Cre | NAc dMSN/iMSN Dq-stimulation: ↑/↓ locomotor activity and running, NAc iMSN Di-stimulation: ↑ locomotor activity and running | ||
Qualls- Creekmore et al. (2017) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry | Lateral hypothalamus (galaninergic, GABAergic) | Mouse: GalaninCre, VGAT-Cre | Galanin Dq-stimulation: ↑ locomotor activity GABA Dq-stimulation: ↑ locomotor activity and compulsive-like behaviors | ||
Motor coordination and performance assays (Rotarod, cylinder, rotational locomotion, corridor tests, etc.) | Dell’Anno et al. (2014) | Lentivirus-hM3Dq-IRES-mCherry | Dorsal striatal transplanted DA neurons induced from fibroblast | Rat: SN 6- OHDA-lesioned | Dq-stimulation: ↑ DA release, excitability and motor recovery of hemi-parkinsonian mice | |
Chen et al. (2016) | AAV1-CAG-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry, AAV1-CAG-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | Dorsal striatum transplanted DA neurons differentiated from human embryonic stem cells | Mouse: SN 6- OHDA-lesioned | Di-/Dq-stimulation: ↓/↑ graft cell DA release, excitability and motor recovery of hemi-parkinsonian mice | ||
Aldrin-Kirk et al. (2016) | AAV8-hSyn-DIO-rM3Ds-mCherry-WPRE, AAV8-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-HA, AAV8-hSyn-DIO-KORD-IRES-mCitrine | Dorsal striatum transplanted DA neurons from TH-Cre rat embryos | Rat: striatal 6- OHDA-lesioned | Dq- and Ds-combinatory stimulation: ↑ DA release, excitability and motor performance but also ↑ graft-induced dyskinesia KORD-stimulation: ↓ graft-induced recovery | ||
Alcacer et al. (2017) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry, AAV5-hSyn-DIO-rM3Ds-mCherry | Unilateral dorsolateral striatum (dMSN or iMSN) | Mouse: Adora2aCre, D1R-Cre | iMSN/dMSN Dq-stimulation: ↓/↑ locomotor activity, ipsi/contralateral rotations enhanced iMSN/dMSN Dq-stimulation in hemi-parkinsonian mice: prevent/mimic L-DOPA’s effect on contralateral forelimb use: ↓/↑ L-DOPA induced dyskinesia dMSN Dq/Ds-stimulation induces abnormal involuntary movements lower than/similar to L-DOPA | ||
Lopez-Huerta et al. (2016) | AAV10#-hSyn-hM4Di-mCherry, #selective towards neurons of matrix compartment in striatum | Dorsolateral striatum (matrix neurons) | Mouse: WT | ↓ accuracy in learned task assaying skilled motor performance | ||
Aldrin-Kirk et al. (2018) | AAV8-hSyn-DIO-rM3Ds-mCherry-WPRE, AAV8-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-HA, AAV8-hSyn-DIO-KORD-IRES-mCitrine | Unilateral dorsal striatum (cholinergic interneurons) | Rat: striatal 6- OHDA-lesioned Choline acetyltransferase Cre | Dq/Ds-stimulation: potentiated low dose L-DOPA to reverse parkinsonian phenotype in stepping task (not cylinder task) and increased abnormal involuntary movement following mid and high dose of L-DOPA (via iMSN output) | ||
Motivation and reward guided behaviors | Progressive ratio schedule | Boender et al. (2014) | AAVNA-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry (VTA), CAV2-Cre (NAc) | VTA→NAc (DAergic) | Rat: WT | ↑ effort exertion in progressive ratio task |
Boekhoudt et al. (2017a) | AAV2/5-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry | VTA, SN pars compacta (DAergic) | Rat: TH-Cre | ↑ sucrose responding through ↑ initiations of reward-seeking actions | ||
Bobadilla et al. (2017) | AAV2-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry | NAc (neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) interneurons) | Mouse: NOS1- Cre | ↑ sucrose seeking after extinction ↑ cue-induced reinstatement of sucrose seeking | ||
Action outcome learning task | Ferguson and Neumaier (2012) | HSV-pDYN-hM4Di-GFP | Dorsal striatum (dMSN) | Rat: WT | ↓ acquisition of lever pressing for a reward reinforcer | |
Runegaard et al. (2018) | AAV8-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | VTA (DAergic) | Mouse: TH-Cre | ↓ motivation to work for reward in a simple must touch test, no effect on reward preference | ||
High vs. low reward discrimination task | Ferguson et al. (2013) | HSV-pDYN-HA-rM3Ds, HSV-pDYN-HA-hM4Di | Dorsomedial striatum (dMSN) | Rat: WT | Di-stimulation: ↓ acquisition of lever pressing for a reward reinforcer Di-/Ds-stimulation ↓/↑ stable retention of high-reward optimized strategies | |
Sign-tracking | Chang et al. (2015) | AAV8-hSyn-hM4Di-mCitrine | Ventral pallidum | Rat: WT | ↓ acquisition of sign-tracking behaviors | |
Progressive ratio schedule, progressive hold-down, outcome devaluation | Carvalho Poyraz et al. (2016) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | Dorsomedial striatum or NAc (iMSN) | Mouse: D2R-OEdev*(D2R-Cre background), D2R-Cre *overexpressing D2R in iMSN | ↑ motivation in D2R-OEdev mice and control littermates in PR and hold-down sessions | |
Progressive ratio lever-pressing task | Gallo et al. (2018) | AAVNA- *-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry (Serotype, and promotor information is lacking) | NAc (iMSN) | Mouse: Drd2-Cre | ↑ motivation to work for a salient reward by Di stimulation of iMSNs projecting to the ventral pallidum | |
Feeding | Home-cage food intake measurement | Zhu et al. (2016) | AAV2-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry, AAV2-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | NAc (dMSN or iMSN) | Mouse: D1R-Cre, D2R-Cre | dMSN Dq/Di stimulation in home cage under high energy expenditure conditions: ↑/↓ food intake |
Boekhoudt, Roelofs et al. (2017) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry (VTA, SN pars compacta), CAV2-Cre (NAc, PFC or amygdala) | VTA, SN, (DAergic), VTA→NAc, VTA→PFC, VTA→amygdala | Rat: TH-Cre, WT with CAV2Cre | VTA Dq- stimulation: ↓ meal size, ↑ locomotor activity. VTA→NAc Dq-stimulation: ↓ mean meal size and eating duration, ↑ mean meal frequency, ↑ locomotor activity | ||
Foldi et al. (2017) | AAVNA-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry (VTA), CAV2-Cre (NAc) | VTA→NAc (DAergic) | Rat: WT | ↑ food intake, food anticipatory activity, prevented activity-based anorexia weight loss | ||
High fat vs. regular chow diet choice model | Wang et al. (2015) | AAVNA-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry, AAVNA-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry | Nucleus tractus solitarius (glucagon-like peptide 1 expressing neurons) | Mouse: Phox2b- Cre | Dq/Di-stimulation ↓/↑ high-fat food intake (also by intra-VTA CNO) | |
Intermittent high fat diet exposure or continuous chow/high fat diet exposure | Xu et al. (2017) | AAVNA-*-hM3Dq-mCherry, AAVNA-*-hM4Di-mCherry, *Assumed DIO, but poor description of viral vectors. Serotype, and promotor information is lacking | VTA/SN (DAergic) | Mouse: DATCreER* *Tamoxifen inducible | VTA Dq-stimulation: ↓ binge-like eating behaviors, VTA Di-stimulation blocked anti-binge-like eating properties of 5-HT2C receptor agonists | |
Progressive ratio schedule | Qualls- Creekmore et al. (2017) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry | Lateral hypothalamus (GABAergic, GABA subpopulation with galanin) | Mouse: VGAT- Cre, Galanin-Cre | Dq-VGAT/Galanin stimulation: ↑ operant food-seeking behaviors, Dq-VGAT stimulation: ↑ food consumption | |
Salt-depletion model | Sandhu et al. (2018) | AAV1/2-Ef1α -DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry-WPRE | VTA (DAergic) | DAT-Cre | No effect on salt intake | |
Mating | Behavioral observations during mating, CPP test | Goto et al. (2015) | AAVNA-hSyn-DIO-rM3Ds-mCherry, AAVNA-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | Dorsal striatum (dMSN or iMSN) | Mouse: transgenic biosensor (PKA or ERK) in D1R- or D2R-Cre | dMSN/iMSN Di-stimulation: ↓/↑ mating behaviors, dMSN/iMSN Ds-stimulation: ↑/↓ mating behaviors |
Beloate et al. (2016) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | VTA (DAergic) | Rat: TH-Cre | ↓ mating-induced cFos in VTA but no effect on initiation, expression and facilitation of sexual behavior, ↓ subsequent amphetamine CPP following withdrawal in sex experienced rats (cross-sensitization of reward) | ||
Sleep-wake patterns and arousal | Polysomnography recordings | Bellocchio et al. (2016) | AAVNA-CAG-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry | Dorsal striatum (dMSN or iMSN) | Mouse: D1R-Cre, D2R-Cre | Acute iMSN-Dq stimulation: ↑ slow-wave phase sleep, Chronic iMSN-Dq stimulation: ↑ wakefulness |
Eban-Rothschild et al. (2016) | AAV5-EF1α-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | VTA (DAergic) | Mouse: TH-Cre | ↓ wakefulness, ↑ pre-sleep-related behaviors, ↓ wakefulness even in the presence of relevant salient-stimuli cues | ||
Cho et al. (2017) | AAV2-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | Dorsal raphe nuclei (DAergic) | Mouse: TH-Cre | ↓ wakefulness, ↑ sleep duration | ||
Oishi et al. (2017b) | AAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry, AAV-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | NAc core (iMSN), Vental pallidum (GABAergic) | Mouse: A2aR- Cre, GAD2-Cre | A2a-Dq/Di indirect pathway stimulation in NAc core: slow-wave sleep induction/inhibition of induction, Ventral pallidum-Dq stimulation: ↑ slow-wave sleep, neuronal disinhibition | ||
Oishi et al. (2017a) | AAV10-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry, AAV10-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | VTA, SN (DAergic) | Mouse: DAT-Cre | VTA Dq-stimulation: ↑ wakefulness duration, ↓ number of wakefulness episodes | ||
Sun et al. (2017) | AAV10-hSyn-hM3Dq-mCherry, AAV10-hSyn-hM4Di-mCherry | VTA | Mouse: WT | Dq-stimulation: ↑ wakefulness duration | ||
Luo et al. (2018) | AAVNA-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry, AAVNA-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | NAc | D1R-Cre | Dq-stimulation: ↑ arousal/wakefulness, ↓ food intake, nesting behaviors, Di-stimulation: ↑ non-REM sleep, nesting | ||
CPP, immune response assays | Ben-Shaanan et al. (2016) | AAV8-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry | VTA (DAergic) | Mouse: TH-Cre | ↑ innate and adaptive immunity responses against bacterial challenges, mediates CNO-induced CPP | |
Drug response and addiction | Acute stimulant induced locomotor activity and behavioral sensitization | Ferguson et al. (2011) | HSV-pDyn-HA-hM4Di, HSV-pEnk-HA-hM4Di | Dorsomedial striatum (dMSN or iMSN) | Rat: WT | dMSN/iMSN Di-stimulation: ↓/↑ behavioral sensitization to amphetamine, no effect on acute response |
Farrell et al. (2013) | BAC: Adora2a-rM3Ds-IRES-mCherry | Global expression (iMSN) | Mouse: transgenic (Adora2a rM3Ds) | ↓ amphetamine-induced locomotor activity and sensitization | ||
Kerstetter et al. (2016) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry (medial PFC), CAV2-Cre (NAc) | Medial PFC→NAc | Rat: WT | ↓ amphetamine-induced locomotion during initiation of sensitization, but no effect on expression, ↑ conditioned locomotor response in amphetamine pre-treated rats | ||
Dobbs et al. (2016) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | NAc (iMSN) | Mouse: iMSN- D2R KO (Adora2a-Cre background) | Rescues cocaine-induced locomotor response of mice with no D2Rs in iMSN neurons | ||
Marchant et al. (2016b) | AAV9-CaMKIIa-HA-KORD-IRES-mCitrine, AAV9-CaMKIIa-HA-hM4Di-IRES-mCitrine | VTA/SN (DAergic) | Rat: WT | ↓ cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion | ||
Wasserman et al. (2016) | AAVNA-CAG-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry, AAVNA-CAG-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | Rostromedial tegmental area (GABAergic) | Mouse: GAD2Cre | Dq/Di stimulation: ↓/↑ morphine-induced locomotor activity | ||
Runegaard et al. (2018) | AAV8-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | VTA (DAergic) | Mouse: TH-Cre | ↓ cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion (acute), but no effect on cocaine-induced locomotion in sensitized mice and repeated Gi stimulation prior to cocaine do not prevent behavioral sensitization | ||
CPP test | Pina et al. (2015) | AAV5-hSyn-HA-hM4Di-IRES-mCitrine | BNST | Mouse: WT | ↓ expression of ethanol place preference | |
Calipari et al. (2016) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | NAc core (dMSN or iMSN) | Mouse: D1R-Cre, D2R-Cre | dMSN Di-stimulation: ↓ cocaine-induced place preference (sustained effect) | ||
Calipari et al. (2017) | AAV2-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry | VTA (DAergic) | Mouse: TH-Cre | ↑ cocaine CPP in male and diestrus female mice (mimicking increased reward processing in estrus female mice) | ||
Pina and Cunningham (2017) | AAV8-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry (BNST), HSV-Cre (VTA) | BNST→VTA | Mouse: WT | Disrupt expression of ethanol place preference | ||
Runegaard et al. (2018) | AAV8-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | VTA (DAergic) | Mouse: TH-Cre | Cocaine CPP unaffected but extinction prolonged | ||
Wayman and Woodward (2018) | AAV8-EF1a-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry or AAV8-EF1a-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry (IL), CAV2-Cre (NAc core or NAc shell) | IL→NAc core IL→NAc shell | Rat: WT | IL→NAc shell Dq-stimulation: disrupts expression of toluene place preference (reverse Toluene-induced reduced excitability of these projections) IL→NAc core Di-stimulation: no effect on expression of toluene place preference | ||
Self-administration drug/ethanol paradigm | Bock et al. (2013) | AAV1/2-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | NAc core (iMSN) | Mouse: Adora2a-Cre | ↑ motivation to obtain cocaine during progressive ratio testing, no effect on cocaine intake during training | |
Cassataro et al. (2014) | AAV2/5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry, AAV2/5-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry, AAV2/5-hSyn-Cre | NAc | Mouse: WT | Di-stimulation: ↓ ethanol consumption (limited access model) | ||
Bull et al. (2014) | AAV5-GFAP-HA-hM3Dq-IRES-mCitrine | NAc core (astrocytes) | Rat: WT | facilitates intracranial self-stimulation ↓ ethanol self-administration after 3 wk abstinence | ||
Mahler et al. (2014) | lentivirus-hSyn-HA-hM4Di-GFP, lentivirus-DIO-hSyn-hM4Di-mCherry | Rostral and caudal ventral pallidum, VTA/SN (DAergic) | Rat: WT, TH-Cre | Rostral/caudal ventral pallidum Di-stimulation: ↓ cue-/prime induced cocaine reinstatement respectively Di in rostral ventral pallidum (unilateral) + VTA (contralateral): ↓ cue-induced cocaine reinstatement | ||
Scofield et al. (2015) | AAV5-GFAP-HA-hM3Dq-IRES-mCitrine | NAc core (astrocytes) | Rat: WT | ↓ cue-induced cocaine reinstatement (via mGluR2/3 signaling), no effect on cue-induced reinstatement of sucrose seeking | ||
Pascoli et al. (2015) | AAV1-CamKIIα-hM4Di-mCherry | Orbitofrontal cortex (DAergic) | Mouse: DAT-Cre | ↓ compulsivity and prevented persevered self-stimulation despite punishment | ||
Augur et al. (2016) | AAV2-hSyn-HA-hM3Dq-IRES-mCitrine (ventromedial PFC), CAV-2-cre (NAc shell), | Ventromedial PFC → NAc shell | Rat: WT | ↓ cue-induced cocaine reinstatement after extinction, no effect on prime-dose-induced reinstatement | ||
Cheng et al. (2017) | AAV8-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry, AAV8-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | Dorsomedial striatum (dMSN or iMSN) | Mouse: D1R-Cre, D2R-Cre | dMSN Dq/Di stimulation: ↑/↓ ethanol consumption and preference, iMSN Dq/Di stimulation: ↓/↑ ethanol consumption and preference | ||
Kerstetter et al. (2016) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry (medial PFC), CAV-2-Cre (NAc) | Medial PFC→NAc | Rat: WT | Di-stimulation during progressive ratio testing: no effect on progressive ratio responding for cocaine but ↑ motivation to seek cocaine during extinction and cocaine-primed reinstatement. Di-stimulation prior to reinstatement: ↓ cocaine-primed reinstatement - only in rats that had Di-stimulation during progressive ratio (normalize) | ||
Marchant et al. (2016a) | AAV1-hSyn-DIO-HA-KORD-IRES-mCitrine (ventral Subiculum), AAV5-Cre (NAC shell) | Ventral subiculum →NAc | Rat: WT | ↓ context-induced ethanol reinstatement | ||
Prasad and McNally (2016) | AAV5-hSyn-HA-hM3Dq-IRES-mCitrine, AAV5-hSyn-HA-hM4Di-IRES-mCitrine | Ventral palladium → STN, VTA | Rat: WT | Ventral pallidum Di-/Ds-stimulation: ↓/↑ cue- and prime-induced reinstatement of extinguished alcohol seeking Di in ventral pallidum (unilateral) + VTA or STN (contralateral): ↓ cue- and prime-induced alcohol reinstatement | ||
Heinsbroek et al. (2017) | AAV2-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry, AAV2-hSyn-DIO-rM3Ds-mCherry, AAV2-hSyn-HA-hM4Di-IRES-mCitrine | NAc for Cre-dependent vectors (dMSN or iMSN) Ventral pallidum for the non-Cre dependent vector) | Mouse: D1R-Cre, D2R-Cre | dMSN/iMSN Ds-stimulation in NAc: ↑*/no effect on cue-induced reinstatement iMSN Di-stimulation in NAc: ↑* cue-induced reinstatement *reversed by simultaneous Di-stimulation in ventral pallidum | ||
Wunsch et al. (2017) | AAV5-hSyn-hM4Di-mCherry, AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry (Midline thalamic nuclei (MTN)), CAV-2-Cre (NAc) | MTN, MTN→NAc | Rat: WT | MTN Di-stimulation: ↓ cue-induced and drug-primed reinstatement of cocaine seeking MTN→NAc Di-stimulation: ↓ cocaine-primed reinstatement, ↑ cue-induced reinstatement | ||
Purohit et al. (2018) | AAV2-hSyn-HA-hM3Dq-IRES-mCitrine, AAV2-hSyn-HA-hM4Di-IRES-mCitrine | NAc core + shell, NAc core, NAc shell, | Mouse: WT | NAc core and shell Dq/Di-stimulation: ↓/no effect on ethanol consumption NAc core Dq/Di-stimulation: ↓/↑ ethanol consumption NAc shell D Dq/Di-stimulation: no effect on ethanol consumption | ||
Mood, nociception, and cognition | Open-field, elevated-plus maze, novelty suppressed feeding, sucrose preference test, forced swim test | Zhong et al. (2014) | AAV8-hSyn-DIO-rM3Ds-mCherry | VTA (DAergic) | Mouse: Cdk5 KO (DAT-Cre background) | ↓ anxiogenic-like and depressive-like phenotype of Cdk5 KO mice ↓ immobility time in forced swim test also in control mice (DATCre) |
Neuropathic pain model, von Frey and thermal stimulation pain assays | Wakaizumi et al. (2016) | AAV10-hSyn-hM4Di-mCherry (VTA), NeuRet-Cre* (NAc) *lentiviral vector for neuron-specific retrograde gene transfer | VTA (DAergic), VTA→NAc | Mouse: DAT-Cre, WT | ↓ exercise-induced hypoalgesia (following partial sciatic nerve ligation) | |
Hot plate, tail-flick assays | Li et al. (2016) | AAV8-Ef1α-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry | Ventral periaqueductal gray/dorsal raphe region (DAergic) | Mouse: TH-Cre | ↓ supraspinal nociceptive effect in hot-plate test, no effect on locomotion and tail-flick test | |
CPP test | Fritz et al. (2016) | AAV8- hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry | VTA (DAergic) | Mouse: DATCreER* *Tamoxifeninducible | ↓ conditioned place aversion to a systemic inflammation agent | |
5-choice serial reaction time task | Boekhoudt, Voets et al. (2017) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry | VTA/SN pars compacta (DAergic) | Rat: TH-Cre | VTA or SN pars compacta Dq-stimulation: ↑ trial omissions, SN pars compacta Dq-stimulation: ↓ task accuracy | |
Barnes maze, Acoustic startle reflex, Social approach test | Locke et al. (2018) | AAVNA-DIO-hM4Di-YFP | Lateral cerebellar nucleus (D1R expressing neurons) | Mouse: D1R-Cre | ↓ spatial navigation, working memories, ↓ prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response | |
Electrophysiology | Robinson and Sohal (2017) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry, AAV5-hSyn-DIO-rM3Ds-mCherry, AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry | Medial PFC (D2R expressing neurons) | Mouse: D2R-Cre | Ds-stimulation: mimicked D2R-induced activation-elicits afterdepolarizations | |
Fear conditioning paradigm | Mayer et al. (2018) | AAV8-CaMKIIa-hM4Di-mCherry | Posterior medial VTA → NAc shell (DAergic) | Rat: WT | Inhibition of relief learning | |
Bouchet et al. (2018) | AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry | SN pars compacta (DAergic) | Rat: TH-Cre | No effect on fear extinction acquisition, but enhanced fear extinction memory and blocked the renewal of fear in a novel context |
BAC, bacterial artificial chromosome; HSV, herpes simplex virus; IL, infralimbic cortex; STN, subthalamic nucleus; VGAT, vesicular GABA transporter.