Microbial regulation of host hepatic cytochrome P450 drug-processing enzymes
| Host Enzyme | Impact of Germ-free Status | Comment | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cyp3a (mice) | Decreased mRNA and protein | Upregulated following colonization, but VSL3 probiotic cocktail was not able to normalize their expression; VSL3 moderately decreased mRNAs of Cyp3a44 and Cyp3a11 in conventional mice; similar to the human CYP3A gene cluster | Selwyn et al., 2016 |
| Decreased mRNA and protein | Evidence of developmental regulation with largest effects seen at 90 days | Selwyn et al., 2015a | |
| Decreased mRNA | Monoassociation with L. plantarum Nizo2877 or E. coli Nissle 1917 had no effect on mRNA expression | Jourova et al., 2017 | |
| Cyp1a2 (mice) | Increased mRNA | Largest effects seen at 90 days | Selwyn et al., 2015a |
| Increased mRNA | Monoassociation with L. plantarum Nizo2877 or E. coli Nissle 1917 decreased mRNA expression | Jourova et al., 2017 | |
| Cyp2c (mice) | Increased mRNA | Largest effects seen at 90 days in male animals only | Selwyn et al., 2015a |
| Cyp2e1(mice) | Increased mRNA | Largest effects seen at 90 days | Selwyn et al., 2015a |
| Increased mRNA | Monoassociation with E. coli Nissle 1917 but not L. plantarum Nizo2877 decreased mRNA expression | ||
| Cyp4a (mice) | Increased mRNA and protein | Downregulated following colonization, but VSL3 probiotic cocktail was not able to normalize their expression; similar to the human CYP4A cluster | Selwyn et al., 2016 |
| Increased mRNA | Evidence of developmental regulation and sex-specific effects with largest effects seen at 90 days in male animals only; increased mRNA between neonatal and adolescent ages | Selwyn et al., 2015a |