Research ArticlesIncreased Erythrocyte and Protein Binding of Codeine in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
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2018, Analytica Chimica ActaCitation Excerpt :In fact, when MM-F was used, the slopes for methamphetamine and codeine were statistically higher in blood samples adjusted at 20% Hct than for blood samples adjusted at 70% Hct (methamphetamine (20% vs 70% Hct): t(6) = 3.52, p-value<0.01 (one-tailed); codeine (20% vs 70% Hct): t(6) = 4.42, p < 0.01 (one-tailed)). Since these compounds are slightly hydrophobic, and considering the fact that codeine binds to the red blood cell plasma membrane, the presence of variable levels of matrix components is likely to alter the concentration of analytes available for SPME extractions [43]. Interestingly, this effect becomes more pronounced when devices with weaker affinities and lower extraction capacities, such as MM-F, are employed for extraction.
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