Regular ArticleHypoxia Regulates Xanthine Dehydrogenase Activity at Pre- and Posttranslational Levels
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2020, Redox BiologyCitation Excerpt :We and others have also established that sulfide demonstrates significant vascular benefit/protection under these same hypoxic conditions via NO2--mediated mechanisms independent of NOS [21,27,39]. Previous work from our group and others has reported that hypoxia/ischemia significantly enhances endothelial XOR mRNA and protein expression, and activity [7,21,35,40]. In the present work, we used hypoxic cells (HUVECs), to observe a dose-dependent, sulfide-induced, NOS independent NO2- reduction to NO (Figs. 1 and 2).
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2019, Redox BiologyComparative transcriptome analysis reveals molecular strategies of ghost moth Thitarodes armoricanus in response to hypoxia and anoxia
2019, Journal of Insect PhysiologyCitation Excerpt :Hypoxanthine catabolism is mediated by xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and is potentially dangerous to nucleotides, proteins or cells in vivo due to by-products of ROS (hydrogen peroxide) accumulation (Kelley et al., 2010; Nemkov et al., 2018). XDH is regulated by oxygen tension and increases in the mammalian cell line under hypoxia (3% O2) or anoxia (Hasan et al., 1991; Lanzillo et al., 1996; Terada et al., 1997). However, XDH was down-regulated in T. armoricanus to inhibit hypoxanthine catabolism under hypoxia (11% O2).
Reperfusion injury and reactive oxygen species: The evolution of a concept
2015, Redox BiologyCitation Excerpt :In addition to the post-translational modification of XDH mediated by limited proteolysis and sulfhydryl oxidation, there is also evidence supporting a role for transcriptional regulation of the enzyme in response to I/R. Hypoxia and cytokines are two relevant stimuli that have been linked to increased XDH transcription. Endothelial and epithelial cells exposed to hypoxia respond with increases in mRNA and total activity for XO [142,143], with some studies linking these hypoxia-induced responses to interleukin-6 mediated activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway [143]. XO activity is also regulated by oxygen tension at the post-translational level, as evidenced by studies demonstrating an inverse relationship between O2 tension and XO activity [142,144].
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