Regular ArticleHIV Coating gp 120 Glycoprotein-Dependent Prostaglandin-E2 Release by Human Cultured Astrocytoma Cells Is Regulated by Nitric Oxide Formation
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Low-dose aspirin (acetylsalicylate) prevents increases in brain PGE<inf>2</inf>, 15-epi-lipoxin A4 and 8-isoprostane concentrations in 9 month-old HIV-1 transgenic rats, a model for HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders
2015, Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsCitation Excerpt :AA and many of its eicosanoid products are proinflammatory. They include prostaglandin (PG)E2 formed preferentially by cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, thromboxane (TX)B2 formed preferentially by COX-1, 15(S)-HETE formed by 15-lipoxygenase (LOX), lipoxin (LX)A4 formed from 15-HETE by 5-LOX [10], leukotriene (LT)B4 also derived from AA by 5-LOX [11], 15-epi-LXA4 synthesized from 15(R)-HETE by acetylated COX-2 [12,13], and isoprostanes produced by non-enzymatic pathways [14,15]. COX-2 expression is increased following injection of HIV-1 Tat or gp-120 proteins into rodent brain, and in other HIV-1 rodent models [16–20].
The role of arachidonic acid in the regulation of nitric oxide synthase isoforms by HIV gp120 protein in astroglial cells
2014, Free Radical Biology and MedicineCitation Excerpt :Results obtained on IL-1β transcriptional induction confirm the idea that cPLA2 and AA are involved in widespread pathways activated under proinflammatory conditions, including HAND [25,26]. Previously, gp120 has been reported to stimulate iNOS [27] and to release prostaglandin E2 through NO formation in human cultured astrocytoma cells [28]. The general mechanism deduced from the present results and data reported in the literature helps to define a signaling transduction pathway that could be activated by gp120.
Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to HIV-1 Tat
2005, Experimental NeurologyEffects of nitric oxide in orthodontic tooth movement in rats
2004, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial OrthopedicsGlycoprotein gp120-mediated astrocytic dysfunction
2003, Advances in Molecular and Cell BiologyCitation Excerpt :Astrocytes display both constitutive and inducible NO synthase (NOS) enzyme activity and are capable of producing NO (Murphy et al., 1993). HIV gp120 stimulates the inducible isoform of NOS enzyme (iNOS) and NO release, and via this mechanism it probably contributes to the neuropathological changes in HAD (Koka et al., 1995; Mollace et al., 1993; Mollace et al., 1994). Gp120 causes additional modifications in gene expression and protein synthesis.
Intracerebral HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 produces sickness behavior and pituitary-adrenal activation in rats: Role of prostaglandins
2002, Brain, Behavior, and ImmunityCitation Excerpt :Although the finding that individuals infected with HIV have significantly higher levels of PGE2 than uninfected individuals is well established (Foley, Kazazi, Biti, Sorrell, & Cunningham, 1992; Griffin, Wesselingth, & McArthur, 1994; Ramis et al., 1991; Tarter et al., 1997), the role of gp120 in this elevation has been debated. In several studies, incubation of monocytes (Wahl et al., 1989), bronchial alveolar macrophages (Denis, 1994), or cultured astroglial cells (Mollace et al., 1994) with gp120 was found to induce the production of prostaglandins. On the other hand, in THP-1 human monocyte/macrophage cell line, gp120 did not stimulate either PGE2 formation or the expression of prostaglandin H synthase (Hui et al., 1995).