Regular ArticleMicrodialysis in Parkinsonian Patient Basal Ganglia: Acute Apomorphine-Induced Clinical and Electrophysiological Effects Not Paralleled by Changes in the Release of Neuroactive Amino Acids
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2013, Journal of Neuroscience MethodsSubcellular and subsynaptic localization of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens of cocaine-treated rats
2008, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :A few in vivo studies demonstrated significant changes in the ultrastructural localization of GPCRs in response to modulation of extracellular activating neurotransmitter (Dumartin et al., 1998, 2000; Bernard et al., 2003; Toda et al., 2003; Stanwood and Levitt, 2007). However, in MPTP-treated mice, an experimental condition characterized by a significant increase in glutamatergic transmission in the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus (Mally et al., 1997; Fedele et al., 2001; Wichmann and DeLong, 2003), very little, if any, changes were induced in the subsynaptic and subcellular distribution of group I mGluRs in these nuclei (Kuwajima et al., 2007). Together, these findings highlight the unique intrinsic properties of group I mGluRs compared with other GPCRs in their response to changes in ambient activating transmitter levels.
Bilateral implantation in Globus Pallidus internus and in subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease
2005, NeuromodulationCitation Excerpt :After implantation, we used X-ray photography of the skull under stereotactic conditions in both AP and LL projections to check if there were any differences between programmed coordinates and those actually surgically performed (3P Maranello computerized re-calculation system, CLS SRL). In the postoperative period we performed our clinical assessments and macro recordings directly from the DBS electrodes (11–21) using different patterns of contacts and modes of stimulation in order to verify the efficacy of DBS, either with a single target stimulated (mono or bilaterally), or with both targets stimulated. After testing we checked the position of the electrodes utilizing MRI and/or CT.