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Self-administration of psychoactive substances by the monkey

A measure of psychological dependence

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Summary

A method has been developed which permits monkeys to self-administer drug solutions, at will, through indwelling intravenous catheters. Psychological dependence on the effects of a drug occurs when a naive monkey voluntarily initiates and maintains self-administration of the drug. If, in addition to psychological dependence, the drug also produces psychotoxicity, either directly or upon abrupt withdrawal, it has a potential abuse liability.

In the present study monkeys developed psychological dependence on morphine, codeine, cocaine, d-amphetamine, pentobarbital, ethanol, and caffeine. All of these drugs except caffeine produced psychotoxicity. Monkeys did not develop psychological dependence on nalorphine, morphine-nalorphine mixtures, chlorpromazine, mescaline or physiological saline.

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Author notes

  1. Gerald Deneau

    Present address: Southern Research Institute, 35205, Birmingham, Alabama

  2. Tomoji Yanagita

    Present address: Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Nogawa, 1433, Kawasaki, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan

    Gerald Deneau, Tomoji Yanagita & M. H. Seevers

Authors
  1. Gerald Deneau
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  2. Tomoji Yanagita
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  3. M. H. Seevers
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Additional information

Supported by USPHS Grants MH 2814 and MH 5320 and by Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences.

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Deneau, G., Yanagita, T. & Seevers, M.H. Self-administration of psychoactive substances by the monkey. Psychopharmacologia 16, 30–48 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00405254

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00405254

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