Summary
Calcium ions play a crucial role in the regulation of the heart beat. During each action potential Ca2+ ions flow into the cell and are directly and indirectly involved in generation of pacemaker potentials and of contractile force. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmitters modulate Ca2+ influx. The most detailed analysis has been made on the mechanism of the β-adrenergic effect on calcium channels in cardiac cell membranes. This is briefly summarized in a personal account, while for more detailed information the reader is referred to more extensive recent reviews16, 22.
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Reuter, H. Calcium channel modulation by β-adrenergic neurotransmitters in the heart. Experientia 43, 1173–1175 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01945518
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01945518