Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The adenosine A2A antagonist MSX-3 reverses the effects of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol on effort-related decision making in a T-maze cost/benefit procedure

  • Original Investigation
  • Published:
Psychopharmacology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rationale

Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) is a critical component of the brain circuitry regulating behavioral activation and effort-related processes. Research involving choice tasks has shown that rats with impaired DA transmission reallocate their instrumental behavior away from food-reinforced tasks with high response requirements and instead select less effortful food-seeking behaviors.

Objective

Previous work showed that adenosine A2A antagonism can reverse the effects of the DA antagonist haloperidol in an operant task that assesses effort-related choice. The present work used a T-maze choice procedure to assess the effects of adenosine A2A and A1 antagonism.

Materials and methods

With this task, the two arms of the maze have different reinforcement densities (four vs. two food pellets), and a vertical 44 cm barrier is positioned in the arm with the higher density, presenting the animal with an effort-related challenge. Untreated rats strongly prefer the arm with the high density of food reward and climb the barrier in order to obtain the food.

Results

Haloperidol produced a dose-related (0.05–0.15 mg/kg i.p.) reduction in the number of trials in which the rats chose the high-barrier arm. Co-administration of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist MSX-3 (0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/kg i.p.), but not the A1 antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/kg i.p.), reversed the effects of haloperidol on effort-related choice and latency.

Conclusions

Adenosine A2A and D2 receptors interact to regulate effort-related decision making, which may have implications for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms such as psychomotor slowing or anergia that can be observed in depression, parkinsonism, and other disorders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aubel B, Kayser V, Farré A, Hamon M, Bourgoin S (2007) Evidence for adenosine- and serotonin-mediated antihyperalgesic effects of cizolirtine in rats suffering from diabetic neuropathy. Neuropharmacology 52:487–496, doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.08.017

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baldo BA, Kelley AE (2007) Discrete neurochemical coding of distinguishable motivational processes: insights from nucleus accumbens control of feeding. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 191:439–459, doi:10-1007/s00213-007-0741-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbano MF, Cador M (2007) Opioids for hedonic experience and dopamine to get ready for it. Psychopharmacology 191:497–506, doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0521-1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capuron L, Pagnoni G, Demetrashvili MF, Lawson DH, Fornwalt FB, Woolwine B, Berns GS, Gregory S, Nemeroff CB, Miller AH (2007) Basal ganglia hypermetabolism and symptoms of fatigue during interferon-alpha therapy. Neuropsychopharmacology 32:2384–2392, doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301362

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Correa M, Carlson BB, Wisniecki A, Salamone JD (2002) Nucleus accumbens dopamine and work requirements on interval schedules. Behav Brain Res 137:179–187, doi:10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00292-9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Correa M, Wisniecki A, Betz A, Dobson DR, O'Neill MF, O'Neill MJ, Salamone JD (2004) The adenosine A2A antagonist KF17837 reverses the locomotor suppression and tremulous jaw movements induced by haloperidol in rats: possible relevance to parkinsonism. Behav Brain Res 148:47–54, doi:10.1016/S0166-4328(03)00178-5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cousins MS, Sokolowski JD, Salamone JD (1993) Different effects of nucleus accumbens and ventrolateral striatal dopamine depletions on instrumental response selection in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 46:953–951, doi:10.1016/0091-3057(93)90226-J

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cousins MS, Wei W, Salamone JD (1994) Pharmacological characterization of performance on a concurrent lever pressing/feeding choice procedure: effects of dopamine antagonist, cholinomimetic, sedative and stimulant drugs. Psychopharmacology 116:529–537, doi:10.1007/BF02247489

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cousins MS, Atherton A, Turner L, Salamone JD (1996) Nucleus accumbens dopamine depletions alter relative response allocation in a T-maze cost/benefit task. Behav Brain Res 74:189–197, doi:10.1016/0166-4328(95)00151-4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeMet EM, Chicz-DeMet A (2002) Localization of adenosine A2A-receptors in rat brain with [3H]ZM-241385. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 366:478–481, doi:10.1007/s00210-002-0613-3

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Demyttenaere K, De Fruyt J, Stahl SM (2005) The many faces of fatigue in major depressive disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 8:93–105, doi:10.1017/S1461145704004729

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Denk F, Walton ME, Jennings KA, Sharp T, Rushworth MF, Bannerman DM (2005) Differential involvement of serotonin and dopamine systems in cost–enefit decisions about delay or effort. Psychopharmacology 179:587–596, doi:10.1007/s00213-004-2059-4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farrar AM, Pereira M, Velasco F, Hockemeyer J, Muller CE, Salamone JD (2007) Adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonism reverses the effects of dopamine receptor antagonism on instrumental output and effort-related choice in the rat: implications for studies of psychomotor slowing. Psychopharmacology 191:579–586, doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0554-5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farrar AM, Font L, Pereira M, Mingote SM, Bunce JG, Chrobak JJ, Salamone JD (2008) Forebrain circuitry involved in effort-related choice: injections of the GABAA agonist muscimol into ventral pallidum alters response allocation in food-seeking behavior. Neuroscience 152:321–330, doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.12.034

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferré S (1997) Adenosine-dopamine interactions in the ventral striatum. Implications for the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 133:107–120, doi:10.1007/s002130050380

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferré S, Fredholm BB, Morelli M, Popoli P, Fuxe K (1997) Adenosine–dopamine receptor–receptor interactions as an integrative mechanism in the basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci 20:482–487, doi:10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01096-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferré S, Popoli P, Giménez-Llort L, Rimondini R, Müller CE, Strömberg I, Ögren SO, Fuxe K (2001) Adenosine/dopamine interaction: implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 7(3):235–241, doi:10.1016/S1353-8020(00)00063-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferré S, Ciruela F, Canals M, Marcellino D, Burgueno J, Casado V, Hillion J, Torvinen M, Fanelli F, Benedetti Pd P, Goldberg SR, Bouvier M, Fuxe K, Agnati LF, Lluis C, Franco R, Woods A (2004) Adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor-receptor heteromers. Targets for neuro-psychiatric disorders. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 10:265–271, doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.02.014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferre S, Ciruela F, Borycz J, Solinas M, Quarta D, Antoniou K, Quiroz C, Justinova Z, Lluis C, Franco R, Goldberg SR (2008) Adenosine A1–A2A receptor heteromers: new targets for caffeine in the brain. Front Biosci 13:2391–2399, doi:10.2741/2852

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fink JS, Weaver DR, Rivkees SA, Peterfreund RA, Pollack AE, Adler EM, Reppert SM (1992) Molecular cloning of the rat A2A adenosine receptor: selective co-expression with D2 dopamine receptors in rat striatum. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 14:186–195, doi:10.1016/0169-328X(92)90173-9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Floresco SB, Ghods-Sharifi S (2007) Amygdala-prefrontal cortical circuitry regulates effort-based decision making. Cereb Cortex 17:251–260, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj143

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Font L, Mingote S, Farrar AM, Pereira M, Worden L, Stopper C, Port RG, Salamone JD (2008) Intra-accumbens injections of the adenosine A(2A) agonist CGS 21680 affect effort-related choice behavior in rats. Psychopharmacology 199:515–526, doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1174-z

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fredholm BB, Lindström K (1999) Autoradiographic comparison of the potency of several structurally unrelated adenosine receptor antagonists at adenosine A1 and A(2A) receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 380:197–202

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuxe K, Agnati LF, Jacobsen K, Hillion J, Canals M, Torvinen M, Tinner-Staines B, Staines W, Rosin D, Terasmaa A, Popoli P, Leo G, Vergoni V, Lluis C, Ciruela F, Franco R, Ferré S (2003) Receptor heteromerization in adenosine A2A receptor signaling: relevance for striatal function and Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 61:S19–S23

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauber W, Munkel M (1997) Motor depressant effects mediated by dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors in the nucleus accumbens and the caudate-putamen. Eur J Pharmacol 323:127–131, doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(97)00040-X

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauber W, Neuscheler P, Nagel J, Müller CE (2001) Catalepsy induced by a blockade of dopamine D1 or D2 receptors was reversed by a concomitant blockade of adenosine A2A receptors in the caudate putamen of rats. Eur J Neurosci 14:1287–1293, doi:10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01759.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hillion J, Canals M, Torvinen M, Casado V, Scott R, Terasmaa A, Hansson A, Watson S, Olah ME, Mallol J, Canela EI, Zoli M, Agnati LF, Ibanez CF, Lluis C, Franco R, Ferré S, Fuxe K (2002) Coaggregation, cointernalization, and codesensitization of adenosine A2A receptors and dopamine D2 receptors. J Biol Chem 277:18091–18097, doi:10.1074/jbc.M107731200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hockemeyer J, Burbiel JC, Müller CE (2004) Multigram-scale syntheses, stability, and photoreactions of A2A adenosine receptor antagonists with 8-styrylxanthine structure: potential drugs for Parkinson’s disease. J Org Chem 69:3308–3318, doi:10.1021/jo0358574

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishiwari K, Madson LJ, Farrar AM, Mingote SM, Valenta JP, DiGianvittorio MD, Frank LE, Correa M, Hockemeyer J, Muller C, Salamone JD (2007) Injections of the selective adenosine A2A antagonist MSX-3 into the nucleus accumbens core attenuate the locomotor suppression induced by haloperidol in rats. Behav Brain Res 178:190–199, doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.12.020

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelley AE, Baldo BA, Pratt WE, Will MJ (2005) Corticostriatal-hypothalamic circuitry and food motivation: integration of energy, action and reward. Physiol Behav 86:773–795, doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.08.066

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keppel G (1991) Design and analysis: a researcher’s handbook. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Koch M, Schmid A, Schnitzler HU (2000) Role of muscles accumbens dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in instrumental and Pavlovian paradigms of conditioned reward. Psychopharmacology 152:67–73, doi:10.1007/s002130000505

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lobato KR, Binfaré RW, Budni J, Rosa AO, Santos AR, Rodrigues AL (2008) Involvement of the adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in the antidepressant-like effect of zinc in the forced swimming test. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 32:994–999, doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.01.012

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maione S, de Novellis V, Cappellacci L, Palazzo E, Vita D, Luongo L, Stella L, Franchetti P, Marabese I, Rossi F, Grifantini M (2007) The antinociceptive effect of 2-chloro-2′-C-methyl-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (2′-Me-CCPA), a highly selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist, in the rat. Pain 131:281–292, doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.013

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Majer M, Welberg LA, Capuron L, Pagnoni G, Raison CL, Miller AH (2008) IFN-alpha-induced motor slowing is associated with increased depression and fatigue in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Brain Behav Immun 22:870–880, doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.12.009

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandryk M, Fidecka S, Poleszak E, Malec D (2005) Participation of adenosine system in the ketamine-induced motor activity in mice. Pharmacol Reports 57:55–60

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marston HM, Finlayson K, Maemoto T, Olverman HJ, Akahane A, Sharkey J, Butcher SP (1998) Pharmacological characterization of a simple behavioral response mediated selectively by central adenosine A1 receptors, using in vivo and in vitro techniques. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 285:1023–1030

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin-Iverson MT, Wilke D, Fibiger HC (1987) Effect of haloperidol and d-amphetamine on perceived quantity of food and tones. Psychopharmacology 93:374–381

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mingote S, Weber SM, Ishiwari K, Correa M, Salamone JD (2005) Ratio and time requirements on operant schedules: effort-related effects of nucleus accumbens dopamine depletions. Eur J Neurosci 21:1749–1757

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mingote S, Font L, Farrar AM, Vontell R, Worden L, Stopper CM, Port RG, Sink KS, Bunce JG, Chrobak JJ, Salamone JD (2008) Nucleus accumbens adenosine A2A receptors regulate exertion of effort by acting on the ventral striatopallidal pathway. J Neurosci 28:9037–9046

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morelli M, Pinna A (2002) Interaction between dopamine and adenosine A2A receptors as a basis for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 22:71–72, doi:10.1007/s100720170052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowend KL, Arizzi M, Carlson BB, Salamone JD (2001) D1 or D2 antagonism in nucleus accumbens core or dorsomedial shell suppresses lever pressing for food but leads to compensatory increases in chow consumption. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 69:373–382, doi:10.1016/S0091-3057(01)00524-X

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O'Neill M, Brown VJ (2006) The effect of the adenosine A2A antagonist KW-6002 on motor and motivational processes in the rat. Psychopharmacology 184:46–55, doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0240-z

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips PE, Walton ME, Jhou TC (2007) Calculating utility: preclinical evidence for cost–benefit analysis by mesolimbic dopamine. Psychopharmacology 191:483–495, doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0626-6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinna A, Wardas J, Cozzolino A, Morelli M (1999) Involvement of adenosine A2A receptors in the induction of c-fos expression by clozapine and haloperidol. Neuropsychopharmacol 20:44–51, doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00051-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinna A, Wardas J, Simola N, Morelli M (2005) New therapies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. Life Sci 77:3259–3267, doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2005.04.029

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prediger RD, Takahashi RN (2005) Modulation of short-term social memory in rats by adenosine A1 and A(2A) receptors. Neurosci Lett 376:160–165, doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.11.049

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prediger RD, Fernandes D, Takahashi RN (2005) Blockade of adenosine A2A receptors reverses short-term social memory impairments in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Behav Brain Res 159:197–205, doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2004.10.017

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins TW, Everitt BJ (2007) A role for mesencephalic dopamine in activation: commentary on Berridge (2006). Psychopharmacology 191:433–437, doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0528-7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salamone JD, Correa M (2002) Motivational views of reinforcement: implications for understanding the behavioral functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine. Behav Brain Res 137:3–25, doi:10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00282-6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salamone JD, Steinpreis RE, McCullough LD, Smith P, Grebel D, Mahan K (1991) Haloperidol and nucleus accumbens dopamine depletion suppress lever pressing for food but increase free food consumption in a novel food choice procedure. Psychopharmacology 104:515–521, doi:10.1007/BF02245659

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salamone JD, Cousins MS, Bucher S (1994) Anhedonia or anergia? Effects of haloperidol and nucleus accumbens dopamine depletion on instrumental response selection in a T-maze cost/benefit procedure. Behav Brain Res 65:221–229, doi:10.1016/0166-4328(94)90108-2

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salamone JD, Cousins MS, Snyder BJ (1997) Behavioral functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine: empirical and conceptual problems with the anhedonia hypothesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 21:341–359, doi:10.1016/S0149-7634(96)00017-6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salamone JD, Arizzi M, Sandoval MD, Cervone KM, Aberman JE (2002) Dopamine antagonsts alter response allocation but do not suppress appetite for food in rats: Contrast between the effects of SKF 83566, raclopride and fenfluramine on a concurrent choice task. Psychopharmacology 160:371–380, doi:10.1007/s00213-001-0994-x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salamone JD, Correa M, Mingote SM, Weber SM (2005) Beyond the reward hypothesis: alternative functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine. Curr Opin Pharmacol 5:34–41, doi:10.1016/j.coph.2004.09.004

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salamone JD, Correa M, Mingote SM, Weber SM, Farrar AM (2006) Nucleus accumbens dopamine and the forebrain circuitry involved in behavioral activation and effort-related decision making: implications for understanding anergia and psychomotor slowing in depression. Curr Psychiatr Rev 2:267–280, doi:10.2174/157340006776875914

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salamone JD, Correa M, Farrar A, Mingote SM (2007) Effort-related functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine and associated forebrain circuits. Psychopharmacology 191:461–482, doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0668-9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salamone JD, Betz AJ, Ishiwari K, Felsted J, Madson L, Mirante B, Clark K, Font L, Korbey S, Sager TN, Hockemeyer J, Muller CE (2008a) Tremorolytic effects of adenosine A2A antagonists: implications for parkinsonism. Front Biosci 13:3594–3605, doi:10.2741/2952

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salamone JD, Ishiwari K, Betz AJ, Farrar AM, Mingote SM, Font L, Hockemeyer J, Müller CE, Correa M (2008b) Dopamine/adenosine interactions related to locomotion and tremor in animal models: Possible relevance to parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 14:S130–S134, doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.04.017

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schiffmann SN, Jacobs O, Vanderhaeghen JJ (1991) Striatal restricted adenosine A2A receptor (RDC8) is expressed by enkephalin but not by substance P neurons: an in situ hybridization histochemistry study. J Neurochem 57:1062–1071, doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08257.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schweimer J, Saft S, Hauber W (2005) Involvement of catecholamine neurotransmission in the rat anterior cingulate in effort-related decision making. Behav Neurosci 119:1687–1692, doi:10.1037/0735-7044.119.6.1687

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sink KS, Vemuri VK, Olszewska T, Makriyannis A, Salamone JD (2008) Cannabinoid CB1 antagonists and dopamine antagonists produce different effects on a task involving response allocation and effort-related choice in food-seeking behavior. Psychopharmacology 196:565–574, doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0988-4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sokolowski JD, Salamone JD (1998) The role of nucleus accumbens dopamine in lever pressing and response allocation: Effects of 6-OHDA injected into core and dorsomedial shell. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 59:557–566, doi:10.1016/S0091-3057(97)00544-3

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solinas M, Ferré S, Antoniou K, Quarta D, Justinova Z, Hockemeyer J, Pappas LA, Segal PN, Wertheim C, Müller CE, Goldberg SR (2005) Involvement of adenosine A1 receptors in the discriminative-stimulus effects of caffeine in rats. Psychopharmacology 179:576–586

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Svenningsson P, Le Moine C, Fisone G, Fredholm BB (1999) Distribution, biochemistry and function of striatal adenosine A2A receptors. Prog Neurobiol 59:355–396, doi:10.1016/S0301-0082(99)00011-8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi RN, Pamplona FA, Prediger RD (2008) Adenosine receptor antagonists for cognitive dysfunction: a review of animal studies. Front Biosci 13:2614–2632, doi:10.2741/2870

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Bos R, van der Harst J, Jonkman S, Schilders M, Spruijt B (2006) Rats assess costs and benefits according to an internal standard. Behav Brain Res 171:350–354, doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.03.035

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walton ME, Bannerman DM, Alterescu K, Rushworth MF (2003) Functional specialization within medial frontal cortex of the anterior cingulate for evaluating effort-related decisions. J Neurosci 23:6475–6479

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walton ME, Kennerley SW, Bannerman DM, Phillips PE, Rushworth MF (2006) Weighing up the benefits of work: behavioral and neural analyses of effort-related decision making. Neural Netw 19:1302–1314, doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.005

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wardas J, Konieczny J, Lorenc-Koci E (2001) SCH 58261, an A2A adenosine receptor antagonist, counteracts parkinsonian-like muscle rigidity in rats. Synapse 41:160–171, doi:10.1002/syn.1070

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Worden LT, Shariari M, Farrar AM, Sink KS, Hockemeyer J, Muller C, Salamone JD (2009) The adenosine A2A antagonist MSX-3 reverses the effort-related effects of dopamine blockade: differential interaction with D1 and D2 family antagonists. Psychopharmacology (in press)

  • Yurgelun-Todd DA, Sava S, Dahlgren MK (2007) Mood disorders. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 17:511–521, doi:10.1016/j.nic.2007.08.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant to J.S. from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH078023). Many thanks to Dr. Merce Correa for her valuable comments and suggestions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA

    Allison M. Mott, Eric J. Nunes, Lyndsey E. Collins, Russell G. Port, Kelly S. Sink & John D. Salamone

  2. Pharmazeutisches Institut, Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Jörg Hockemeyer & Christa E. Müller

  3. Division of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA

    John D. Salamone

Authors
  1. Allison M. Mott
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eric J. Nunes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lyndsey E. Collins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Russell G. Port
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kelly S. Sink
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jörg Hockemeyer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Christa E. Müller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. John D. Salamone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John D. Salamone.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mott, A.M., Nunes, E.J., Collins, L.E. et al. The adenosine A2A antagonist MSX-3 reverses the effects of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol on effort-related decision making in a T-maze cost/benefit procedure. Psychopharmacology 204, 103–112 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1441-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1441-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation