Abstract
There are significant gender differences in course, symptomology, and treatment of substance use disorders. In general data from clinical and preclinical studies of substance use disorders suggest that women are more vulnerable than men to the deleterious consequences of drug use at every phase of the addiction process. In addition data from epidemiologic studies suggest that the gender gap in the prevalence of substance use is narrowing particularly among adolescence. Therefore, understanding the role of estrogen and progesterone in mediating responses to drugs of abuse is of critical importance to women’s health. In this review we will discuss findings from clinical and preclinical studies of 1) reproductive cycle phase; 2) endogenous ovarian hormones; and 3) hormone replacement on responses to stimulants, nicotine, alcohol, opioids, and marijuana. In addition, we discuss data from recent studies that have advanced our understanding of the neurobiologic mechanisms that interact with estrogen and progesterone to mediate drug-seeking behavior.
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Julianne Flanagan declares that she has no conflict of interest.
Megan M. Moran-Santa Maria has received grants from NIH NIDA/ORWH (Co-I on P50 DA016511 "Sex and Gender Factors Affecting Women’s Health") and NIH/NICHD (K12 HD055885 Recipient "Impact of ovarian hormones on brain activity in cocaine-dependent women during exposure to psychosocial stress").
Kathleen Brady is the PI on NIH/NICHD (K12 HD055885) Build Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health (BIRCWH)
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Maria, M.M.MS., Flanagan, J. & Brady, K. Ovarian Hormones and Drug Abuse. Curr Psychiatry Rep 16, 511 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0511-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0511-7