Effects of morphine treatment on pro-opiomelanocortin systems in rat brain
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The melanocortin system as a potential target for treating alcohol use disorders: A review of pre-clinical data
2020, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Finally, there is also evidence that nicotine administration causes an upregulation of central MC-3R and MC4-R (Tapinc et al., 2017) and that MC4-R blockade blunts stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking in rats (Qi et al., 2015). Both chronic administration and withdrawal of morphine produces a decrease in the expression of POMC mRNA in the hypothalamus (Bronstein et al., 1990; Le Merrer et al., 2009; Pintér-Kübler et al., 2013) and MC4-R mRNA in the NAc, periaqueductal gray (PAG) and striated nucleus (Alvaro et al., 1996), regions that modulate the reinforcing properties of opioids, opioid tolerance and opioid-induced psychomotor stimulation (Kalivas and Stewart, 1991). On the other hand, acute administration of morphine increases the expression of the mRNA of MC4-R in the amygdala (Starowicz et al., 2003).
Individual differences in gene expression of vasopressin, D2 receptor, POMC and orexin: Vulnerability to relapse to heroin-seeking in rats
2015, Physiology and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :In support of this concept, correlation analysis between the active lever responding during foot shock-induced reinstatement session and the CPu D2 mRNA levels revealed that the H-RI rats seeking relatively more heroin showed relative lowered CPu D2 mRNA levels. In earlier studies using morphine pellets e.g., [17] or heroin administration by experimenters [18], it was found that POMC mRNA in the hypothalamus was decreased after chronic opiate exposure in rats. In the current study, we examined POMC gene expression in two brain regions (the medial hypothalamus and Me/BLA) after 9 days of abstinence from 7 days of heroin self-administration, and found a significant decrease in the POMC mRNA levels in the medial hypothalamus only.
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression and conditioned place aversion during protracted withdrawal from chronic intermittent escalating-dose heroin in POMC-EGFP promoter transgenic mice
2013, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Hypothalamic POMC neurons have been associated with several physiological functions and behaviors, such as regulation of eating, respiration and limbic excitability, pain perception and analgesia, drug addiction, sexual behavior, locomotion, learning and memory, cardiovascular homeostasis and hypophyseal hormone secretion (Kiefer and Wiedemann, 2004). In early studies using morphine pellets, several research groups have shown that POMC mRNA in the hypothalamus in rats is decreased after chronic morphine pellets (Mocchetti et al., 1989; Bronstein et al., 1990). In the current study, we found POMC expression to be decreased during acute spontaneous withdrawal.
Neurobiology of overeating and obesity: The role of melanocortins and beyond
2011, European Journal of PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Thus, infusion of Melatonan II into the ventral tegmental area increases dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (Lindblom et al., 2001). Other evidence on the influence of melanocortin system on the reward circuitry comes from studies where animals exposed to various addictive drugs show alterations in hypothalamic POMC transcripts (Bronstein et al., 1990; Le Merrer et al., 2009). Also, central administration of Melatonan II facilitates the threshold-lowering effect of amphetamine in a lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation paradigm (Cabeza de Vaca et al., 2002), i.e. melanocortin receptor stimulation increased the rewarding properties of amphetamine.